Wi-FiWi-Fi () is a family of wireless network protocols based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio waves.
BluetoothShort-range wireless technology standardA Bluetooth earbud, an earphone and microphone that communicates with a cellphone using the Bluetooth protocolBluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard that is used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances and building personal area networks (PANs). In the most widely used mode, transmission power is limited to 2.5 milliwatts, giving it a very short range of up to 10 metres (33 ft).
SmartphoneA smartphone is a mobile device that combines the functionality of a traditional mobile phone (feature phone) with advanced computing capabilities. It typically has a touchscreen interface, allowing users to access a wide range of applications and services, such as web browsing, email, and social media, as well as multimedia playback and streaming.
NearLinkNearLink (Chinese: 星闪; also known as SparkLink and formerly Greentooth) is a short-range wireless technology protocol, which was developed by the NearLink Alliance, led by Huawei to set up on September 22, 2020. As of September 2023, the Alliance has more than 300 enterprises and institutions on board, which include automotive manufacturers, chip and module manufacturers, application developers, ICT companies, and research institutions.
ZigbeeZigbee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks (PAN) with small, low-power digital radios, such as for home automation, medical device data collection, and other low-power, low-bandwidth needs, designed for small-scale projects which need wireless connection. Hence, Zigbee is a standard for low-power, low-data-rate, close-proximity (i.e., personal area) wireless ad hoc networks.
Smart speakerA smart speaker is a type of loudspeaker and voice command device with an integrated virtual assistant that offers interactive actions and hands-free activation with the help of one "wake word" (or several "wake words"). Some smart speakers also act as smart home hubs by using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Thread, and other protocol standards to extend usage beyond audio playback and control home automation devices connected through a local area network.
Li-FiLi-Fi (commonly referred to as LiFi) is a wireless communication technology which utilizes light to transmit data and position between devices. The term was first introduced by Harald Haas during a 2011 TEDGlobal talk in Edinburgh. Unlike Wi-Fi, which uses radio frequency via an electric voltage in an antenna to transmit data, Li-Fi uses the modulation of light intensity.
Near-field communicationNear-field communication (NFC) is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) or less. NFC offers a low-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used for the bootstrapping of capable wireless connections. Like other proximity card technologies, NFC is based on inductive coupling between two electromagnetic coils present on an NFC-enabled device such as a smartphone.
Vehicular automationAutomation for various purposes of vehiclesThe ESA Seeker autonomous rover during tests at ParanalAutomated vehicle system technology hierarchyVehicular automation is using technology to assist or replace the operator of a vehicle such as a car, truck, aircraft, rocket, military vehicle, or boat. Assisted vehicles are semi-autonomous, whereas vehicles that can travel without a human operator are autonomous.
5GFifth-generation mobile telecommunications standard5G is the fifth and current generation of cellular network technology and the successor to 4G. In common commercial use, the term refers primarily to mobile networks based on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G system and its New Radio (NR) air interface, which were first specified in 3GPP Release 15.
ElectronicsElectronics is a scientific and engineering discipline that studies and applies the principles of physics to design, create, and operate devices that manipulate electrons and other electrically charged particles.
WirelessWireless communication (or just wireless, when the context allows) is the transfer of information (telecommunication) between two or more points without the use of an electrical conductor, optical fiber or other continuous guided medium for the transfer. The most common wireless technologies use radio waves. With radio waves, intended distances can be short, such as a few meters for Bluetooth, or as far as millions of kilometers for deep-space radio communications.
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