Robert EstienneRobert I Estienne (French:; 1503 – 7 September 1559), known as Robertus Stephanus in Latin and sometimes referred to as Robert Stephens, was a French 16th-century printer in Paris. He was the proprietor of the Estienne print shop after the death of his father Henri Estienne, the founder of the Estienne printing firm. Estienne published and republished many classical texts as well as Greek and Latin translations of the Bible.
Henri EstienneHenri Estienne ( , French:; 1528 or 1531 – 1598), also known as Henricus Stephanus ( ), was a French printer and classical scholar. He was the eldest son of Robert Estienne. He was instructed in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew by his father and would eventually take over the Estienne printing firm which his father owned in 1559 when his father died. His best-known work was the Thesaurus graecae linguae, which was printed in five volumes.
Italic typeIn typography, italic type (or italics, plurale tantum) is a cursivefont based on a stylised form of calligraphichandwriting. Along with blackletter and roman type, it served as one of the major typefaces in the history of Western typography. Owing to the influence from calligraphy, italics normally slant slightly to the right, like so.
Roman typeIn Latin scripttypography, roman is one of the three main kinds of historical type, alongside blackletter and italic. Sometimes called normal or regular, it is distinct from these two for its upright style (relative to the calligraphy-inspired italic) and its simplicity (relative to blackletter). During the early Renaissance, roman (in the form of Antiqua) and italic type were used separately.
TypographyTypography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written languagelegible and readable when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line spacing, letter spacing, and spaces between pairs of letters. The term typography is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process.
GaramondGaramond is a group of many serif typefaces, named for sixteenth-century Parisian engraver Claude Garamond, generally spelled as Garamont in his lifetime. Garamond-style typefaces are popular to this day and often used for book printing and body text.
SerifIn typography, a serif () is a small line or stroke regularly attached to the end of a larger stroke in a letter or symbol within a particular font or family of fonts. A typeface or "font family" making use of serifs is called a serif typeface (or serifed typeface), like so, and a typeface that does not include them is sans-serif.BacklistA backlist is a list of older books available from a publisher. This is opposed to newly-published titles, which is sometimes known as the frontlist.
University of ParisThe University of Paris (French: Université de Paris, pronounced [ynivɛʁsite də paʁi]) was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated with the cathedral school of Paris, it was considered the second-oldest university in Europe.
RenaissanceEuropean cultural period of the 14th to 17th centuriesThe Renaissance (UK: , US: ) was a European period of history and cultural movement taking place at the end of the Late Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern era. It is variously defined as covering the 15th and 16th centuries or, more broadly, as lasting from the 14th century to the 17th.
PunchcuttingPunchcutting is a craft used in traditional typography to cut letter punches in steel as the first stage of making metal type. Steel punches in the shape of the letter would be used to stamp matrices into copper, which were locked into a mould shape to cast type. Cutting punches and casting type was the first step of traditional typesetting. The cutting of letter punches was a highly skilled craft requiring much patience and practice.
Printer (publishing)In publishing, printers are both companies providing printing services and individuals who directly operate printing presses. Associations of printers have called their trade that of — as in the association "The United Typothetae of America". Origins of printingThe history of printers in publishing in Western Europe dates back to the mid-15th century with the invention of the printing press.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.