Nitric acidNames IUPAC nameNitric acidOther names Aqua fortisSpirit of niterEau forteHydrogen nitrateAcidum nitricumIdentifiers CAS Number7697-37-23D model (JSmol)Interactive imageInteractive imageChEBICHEBI:48107ChEMBLChEMBL1352ChemSpider919ECHA InfoCard100.028.832EC Number231-714-2Gmelin Reference1576 KEGGD02313MeSHNitric+acidPubChemCID944RTECS numberQU5775000UNII411VRN1TV4UN number2031 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID5029685InChIInChI=1S/HNO3/c2-1(3)4/h(H,2,3,4)Key: GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/HNO3/c2-1(3)4/h(H,2,3,4)Key: GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYAOSMILES[N+](=O)(O)[O-]ON(=O)=OProperties Chemical formulaHNO3Molar mass63.012 g·mol Appearance Colorless liquid OdorAcrid, suffocating Density1.51 g/cm, 1.41 g/cm [68% w/w] Melting point−42 °C (−44 °F; 231 K) Boiling point83 °C (181 °F; 356 K) 68% solution boils at 121 °C (250 °F; 394 K) Solubility in waterMiscible log P−0.13 Vapor pressure48 mmHg (20 °C) Acidity (pKa) −1.4 Conjugate baseNitrateMagnetic susceptibility (χ)−1.99×10 cm/molRefractive index (nD)1.397 (16.5 °C) Dipole moment2.17 ± 0.02 D Thermochemistry Std molarentropy(S298)146 J/(mol·K) Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)−207 kJ/mol Hazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordDangerHazard statementsH272, H290, H314, H331Precautionary statementsP210, P220, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340+P310, P305+P351+P338NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 302OXFlash pointNon-flammable Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LC50 (median concentration)138 ppm (rat, 30 min) NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible)TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m) REL (Recommended)TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m)ST 4 ppm (10 mg/m) IDLH (Immediate danger)25 ppm Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0183Related compounds Other anionsNitrous acidOther cationsSodium nitratePotassium nitrateAmmonium nitrateRelated compoundsDinitrogen trioxideDinitrogen tetroxideDinitrogen pentoxideNitrogen oxideNitrogen monoxideNitrogen dioxideExcept where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Yverify ( ?)
Silver perchlorateSilver perchlorate is the chemical compound with the formula AgClO4. This white solid forms a monohydrate and is mildly deliquescent. It is a useful source of the Ag ion, although the presence of perchlorate presents risks. It is used as a catalyst in organic chemistry. ProductionSilver perchlorate is created by heating a mixture of perchloric acid with silver nitrate.
Silver oxideSilver oxide is the chemical compound with the formula Ag2O. It is a fine black or dark brown powder that is used to prepare other silver compounds.
SilverCu↑Ag↓Aupalladium ← silver → cadmium
Silver tetrafluoroborateSilver tetrafluoroborate is an inorganic compound with the molecular formulaAgBF4. It is a white solid (although commercial samples often are gray) that dissolves in polar organic solvents as well as water. StructureAccording to X-ray crystallography, the solid compound consists of Ag centers bound to four fluoride sites of the BF−4. PreparationSilver tetrafluoroborate can be prepared by several methods.
Salt (chemistry)In chemistry, a salt or ionic compound is a chemical compound consisting of an assembly of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions), which results in a compound with no net electric charge. The constituent ions are held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonds. The component ions in a salt can be either inorganic, such as chloride (Cl), or organic, such as acetate (CH3COO).
Inorganic compoundAn inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds—that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as inorganic chemistry. Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth's crust, although the compositions of the deep mantle remain active areas of investigation. All allotropes of carbon and some simple carbon compounds are often considered inorganic.
Precursor (chemistry)In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound. In biochemistry, the term "precursor" often refers more specifically to a chemical compound preceding another in a metabolic pathway, such as a protein precursor.Chemical formulaA chemical formula is any of several kinds of notation for expressing the composition and structure of a chemical compound. Chemical formulas use element symbols for the atoms of each chemical element in a compound. There are several conventional types of chemical formula that present different levels of detail.
AcetonitrileNames Preferred IUPAC nameAcetonitrileSystematic IUPAC nameEthanenitrileOther names CyanomethaneEthyl nitrileMethanecarbonitrileMethyl cyanideMeCNACNIdentifiers CAS Number75-05-83D model (JSmol)Interactive imageBeilstein Reference741857 ChEBICHEBI:38472ChEMBLChEMBL45211ChemSpider6102ECHA InfoCard100.000.760EC Number200-835-2Gmelin Reference895 MeSHacetonitrilePubChemCID6342RTECS numberAL7700000UNIIZ072SB282NUN number1648 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID7020009InChIInChI=1S/C2H3N/c1-2-3/h1H3Key: WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-NSMILESCC#NProperties Chemical formulaC2H3NMolar mass41.053 g·mol Appearance Colorless liquid Odorether-like (threshold 39.8 ppm) Density0.786 g/cmMelting point−46 to −44 °C; −51 to −47 °F; 227 to 229 K Boiling point81.3 to 82.1 °C; 178.2 to 179.7 °F; 354.4 to 355.2 K Critical point (T, P) 545 K (272 °C), 4.87 MPa Solubility in waterMiscible log P−0.54 Vapor pressure9.71 kPa (at 20 °C (68 °F; 293 K)) Henry's lawconstant (kH)530 μmol/(Pa·kg)Acidity (pKa) 25 UV-vis (λmax) 195 nmAbsorbance≤ 0.10 Magnetic susceptibility (χ)−28.0×10 cm/molRefractive index (nD)1.344 Viscosity0.350 mPa·s (20 °C (68 °F; 293 K)) Dipole moment3.92 DThermochemistry Heat capacity(C)91.69 J⋅K·molStd molarentropy(S298)149.62 J⋅K·molStd enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)40.16 to 40.96 kJ⋅molStd enthalpy ofcombustion(ΔcH298)−1256.03 to −1256.63 kJ⋅molEnthalpy of fusion(ΔfHfus)8.167 kJ⋅mol (crystalline to liquid) Enthalpy of vaporization(ΔfHvap)33.225 kJ⋅mol (25 °C (77 °F; 298 K))29.75 kJ⋅mol (81.6 °C (178.9 °F; 354.8 K))Hazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordDangerHazard statementsH225, H302+H312+H332, H319Precautionary statementsP210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312+P330, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340+P312, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P235, P501NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 230Flash point2.0 °C (35.6 °F; 275.1 K) Autoignitiontemperature523.0 °C (973.4 °F; 796.1 K) Explosive limits4.4%–16.0%Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)2 g/kg (dermal, rabbit)2.46 g/kg (oral, rat)617 mg/kg (oral, mouse)LC50 (median concentration)5655 ppm (guinea pig, 4 hr)2828 ppm (rabbit, 4 hr)53,000 ppm (rat, 30 min)7500 ppm (rat, 8 hr)2693 ppm (mouse, 1 hr)6.022 mg/L (mouse, 4 hr)LCLo (lowest published)16,000 ppm (dog, 4 hr) NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible)40 ppm (70 mg/m, TWA) REL (Recommended)20 ppm (34 mg/m, TWA) IDLH (Immediate danger)500 ppmRelated compounds Related alkanenitrilesHydrogen cyanideCyanogenCyanogen fluorideCyanogen chlorideCyanogen bromideCyanogen iodideThiocyanic acidAminoacetonitrileGlycolonitrilePropionitrileMalononitrilePivalonitrileAcetone cyanohydrinSupplementary data page Acetonitrile (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Yverify ( ?)
LigandIn coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule with a functional group that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding with the metal generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electron pairs, often through Lewis bases. The nature of metal–ligand bonding can range from covalent to ionic. Furthermore, the metal–ligand bond order can range from one to three.HygroscopyHygroscopy is the phenomenon of attracting and holding water molecules via either absorption or adsorption from the surrounding environment, which is usually at normal or room temperature. If water molecules become suspended among the substance's molecules, adsorbing substances can become physically changed, e.g. changing in volume, boiling point, viscosity or some other physical characteristic or property of the substance.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.