Middle Assyrian EmpireThird period of Assyrian historyToday part ofIraqSyriaTurkeyIranSee also: History of the AssyriansThe Middle Assyrian Empire was the third stage of Assyrian history, covering the history of Assyria from the accession of Ashur-uballit Ic. 1363 BC and the rise of Assyria as a territorial kingdom to the death of Ashur-dan II in 912 BC. The Middle Assyrian Empire was Assyria's first period of ascendancy as an empire.
HittitesAncient Anatolian people of KussaraToday part ofTurkeySyriaLebanonCyprusSphinx Gate entrance to the cityThe Great Temple in the inner city of HattusaThe Hittites () were an AnatolianIndo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of the Bronze Age in West Asia. Possibly originating from beyond the Black Sea, they settled in north-central Anatolia in the early 2nd millennium BC.
AssurAššur, also known as Ashur and Qal'at Sherqat, was the capital of the Middle Assyrian Empire for a time, of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–609 BC) and a semi-independent state during the Parthian Empire between the 2nd century BC and mid 3rd century AD. The remains of the city lie on the western bank of the Tigris River, north of the confluence with its tributary, the Little Zab, in what is now Iraq, more precisely in the al-Shirqat District of the Saladin Governorate.
ArinnuArinnu was an ancient Assyrian city near in Mesopotamia that was destroyed at least twice. According to the annals of Shalmaneser I, discovered at Assur, it was an ancient Assyrian city on the Tigris and traditional capital of Assyria, near the modern city of Al-Shirqat in Iraq. He destroyed the fortress of Arinnu, "the dust of which he brought to Assur." After it was "razed to the ground," the Assyrians re-built their capital city.
AssyriaSee also: History of the AssyriansAssyria was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization that existed from the 21st to the 7th century BCE which conquered and administered most of West Asia from the Assyrian heartland in Upper Mesopotamia.
AnatoliaAnatolia (Greek: Ανατολή, Turkish: Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the to the south, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Bosporus, the Propontis and Hellespont to the northwest, and the Black Sea to the north.
ShattuaraShattuara, also spelled Šattuara, was a king of the Hurrian kingdom of Mittani c. 1305-1285 BC. Mitanni under the Hittites focused on the northern Khabur region, while the Assyrians focused on the middle Euphrates region with Hanigalbat. ReignAssyrian periodAdad-Nirari I: Shattuara became a vassal of the Assyrian king Adad-nirari I in 1263 BC, after the latter defeated him.
AhlamuThe Ahlamu, or Aḫlamū, were a group or designation of Semitic semi-nomads. Their habitat was west of the Euphrates between the mouth of the Khabur and Palmyra. They were first mentioned in sources of Rîm-Anum, a king of Uruk, ca. 1800 BC, and then in texts from Mari, and finally in the 14th century BC in Egyptian sources in one of the Amarna letters in the days of Akhenaten in which it is affirmed that the Ahlamu had advanced to the Euphrates.
Adad-nirari IAdad-nārārī I (1305–1274 BC or 1295–1263 BC short chronology) was a king of Assyria during the Middle Assyrian Empire. His annals survived in more detail than most of his predecessors, and he achieved numerous major military victories that further strengthened the position of Assyria as the most powerful state in the world at the time.
MitanniMitanni or Mittani (c. 1550–1260 BC), earlier called Ḫabigalbat in old Babylonian texts, c. 1600 BC; Ḫanigalbat or Ḫani-Rabbat in Assyrian records, or Naharin in Egyptian and some Akkadian texts, was a Hurrian-speaking kingdom in northern Syria and southeast Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) with Indo-Aryan linguistic and political influences.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.