EarthquakeSudden movement of the Earth's crustEarthquake epicenters occur mostly along tectonic plate boundaries, especially on the Pacific Ring of Fire.An earthquake, also called a quake, tremor, or temblor, is the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
SeismologySeismology (; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies.
Quake (natural phenomenon)A quake is the result when the surface of a planet, moon or star begins to shake, usually as the consequence of a sudden release of energy transmitted as seismic waves, and potentially with great violence. The types of quakes include earthquake, moonquake, marsquake, venusquake, sunquake, starquake, and mercuryquake. They can also all be referred to generically as earthquakes.
Mechanical waveIn classical mechanics, a mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through an elastic material medium. Vacuum is, from classical perspective, a non-material medium, where electromagnetic waves propagate. While waves can move over long distances, the movement of the medium of transmission—the material—is limited. Therefore, the oscillating material does not move far from its initial equilibrium position.
EarthSurface equivalent doserate0.274 μSv/hAbsolute magnitude (H)−3.99AtmosphereSurface pressure101.325 kPa (at sea level)Composition by volume78.08% nitrogen (dry air)20.95% oxygen (dry air)≤1% water vapor (variable)0.9340% argon0.0430% carbon dioxide0.00182% neon0.00052% helium0.00017% methane0.00011% krypton0.00006% hydrogen Source:Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
AccelerometerAn accelerometer is a device that measures the proper acceleration of an object. Proper acceleration is the acceleration (the rate of change of velocity) of the object relative to an observer who is in free fall (that is, relative to an inertial frame of reference). Proper acceleration is different from coordinate acceleration, which is acceleration with respect to a given coordinate system, which may or may not be accelerating.
Acoustic waveType of energy propagation Acoustic waves are types of mechanical waves that propagate through matter—such as gas, liquid, and/or solids—by causing the particles of the medium to displace from their equilibrium positions. These waves carry energy and are characterized by properties like acoustic pressure, particle velocity, and acoustic intensity.ExplosionAn explosion is a rapid expansion in volume of a given amount of matter associated with an extreme outward release of energy, usually with the generation of high temperatures and release of high-pressure gases.
LandslideLandslides, also known as landslips, rockslips, rockfalls, mudslides, mudslips or rockslides, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, mudflows, shallow or deep-seated slope failures and debris flows. Landslides occur in a variety of environments, characterized by either steep or gentle slope gradients, from mountain ranges to coastalcliffs or even underwater, in which case they are called submarine landslides.
MagmaMagma (from Ancient Greek (mágma)'thick unguent') is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed. Magma (sometimes colloquially but incorrectly referred to as lava) is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and evidence of magmatism has also been discovered on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles.
SeismometerA seismometer is an instrument that responds to ground displacement and shaking caused by quakes, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. They are usually combined with a timing device and a recording device to form a seismograph. The output of such a device—formerly recorded on paper (see picture) or film, now recorded and processed digitally—is a seismogram. Such data is used to locate and characterize earthquakes, and to study the internal structure of Earth.
HydrophoneA hydrophone (Ancient Greek: ὕδωρ + φωνή, lit.'water + sound') is a microphone designed for underwater use, for recording or listening to underwater sound. Most hydrophones contain a piezoelectric transducer that generates an electric potential when subjected to a pressure change, such as a sound wave. A hydrophone can also detect airborne sounds but is insensitive of them because it is designed to match the acoustic impedance of water, a denser fluid than air.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.