State religionReligion or creed endorsed by the stateConfessional states Buddhism Christianity (unspecified) Protestantism Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Islam (unspecified) Sunni Islam Shia Islam (Twelver)
Religious discriminationTreating a person or group differently because of their religious beliefs Freedom of religion Concepts Laicism Proselytism Religious discrimination Religious censorship Religious conversion Religious liberty Islam and secularism Apostasy in Islam by country Religious police Religious pluralism Secularism Separation of church and state Anti-clericalism School prayer Catholic priests in public office Confessionalism Theocracy State religion Secular state Confessional state Atheist state Status by country Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros DR Congo Egypt Mauritania Morocco South Africa Sudan Tanzania North and South America Brazil Canada Colombia Ecuador Guyana Panama Paraguay United States Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus Northern Cyprus Georgia India Indonesia Japan Kazakhstan Laos Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal North Korea Pakistan Philippines Russia Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Vietnam Europe Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Northern Cyprus France Georgia Germany Hungary Italy Kosovo Montenegro North Macedonia Norway Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Middle East Bahrain Egypt Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria UAE Yemen Oceania Australia Topical Blasphemy laws by country Female genital mutilation laws by country Legal aspects of ritual slaughter Religious male circumcision Religious persecution Traditional African religions Serers Atheism Baháʼí Faith Buddhism Christianity Christophobia post–Cold War era Catholicism Catholic Church Mormonism Jehovah's Witness Eastern Orthodox Christianity Oriental Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Falun Gong Hinduism (Anti-Hindu sentiment) Islam Sunni Shi'a Ahmadiyya Alevism Sufis Islamophobia Persecution of non-believers Judaism Antisemitism Anti-Judaism Religious antisemitism New religious movements Christian countercult movement Neopaganism Rastafari Zoroastrianism Religion portalvte Religious discrimination is treating a person or group differently because of the particular religion they align with or were born into (hereditary).
Separation of church and statePrinciple to separate religious and civil institutionsInternational Religious Freedom or Belief AllianceThe International Religious Freedom or Belief Alliance (IRFBA) is a network of countries promoting freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) worldwide. It has 38 member states. There are also five IRFBA friends and three IRFBA observers. It was launched in February 2020. In December 2024, the alliance was designated as an "undesirable organization" in Russia.
Member states of the Organisation of Islamic CooperationAmong the 57 member countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), 49 states are denoted Muslim-majority countries, although two of which—Guinea-Bissau and Cote d'Ivoire—have less than 50% Muslim population.
EgalitarianismEgalitarianism (from French égal'equal'; also equalitarianism) is a school of thought within political philosophy that builds on the concept of social equality, prioritizing it for all people. Egalitarian doctrines are generally characterized by the idea that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or moral status. As such, all people should be accorded equal rights and treatment under the law.Religion in national symbolsReligion in national symbols can often be found in national anthems or flags. This has led to controversy in some secular states in regard to the separation of church and state, when the national symbol is officially sanctioned by a government.
State (polity)A state is a political entity that rules and governs society and the population within a definite territory, or in other words, it is referred to as the country itself with various administrative divisions. Governments are considered as an apparatus, representative, or instrument of states as such the term is used as a metonym for them in governmental topics. It is widely defined by the legitimacy of its sole discretion in the use of offensive and defensive force.SecularitySecularity or secularness (from Latin sæculum, 'worldly' or 'of a generation' or 'century') is the state of being unrelated to or neutral in regard to religion. The origins of secularity as a concept can be traced to the Bible, and it was fleshed out through Christian history into the modern era. Since the Middle Ages, there have been clergy not pertaining to a religious order called "secular clergy".
IrreligionAbsence, indifference to, rejection of or hostility towards religion
Equality before the lawEquality before the law, known as equality under the law, equality in the eyes of the law, legal equality, or legal egalitarianism, is the principle that all people must be equally protected by the law. The principle requires a systematic rule of law that observes due process to provide equal justice and requires equal protection ensuring that no individual nor group of individuals is privileged over others by the law.
Social equalitySocial equality is a state of affairs in which all individuals within society have equal rights, liberties, and status; possibly including civil rights, freedom of expression, autonomy, and equal access to certain public goods and social services. Social equality requires the absence of legally enforced social class or caste boundaries, along with an absence of discrimination motivated by an inalienable part of an individual's identity.
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