Scientific integrityResearch integrity or scientific integrity is an aspect of research ethics that deals with best practice or rules of professional practice of scientists.
PlagiarismPresenting another author's work as own original workPlagiarism is the representation of another person's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work. Although precise definitions vary depending on the institution, in many countries and cultures plagiarism is considered a violation of academic integrity and journalistic ethics, as well as of social norms around learning, teaching, research, fairness, respect, and responsibility.
Scientific literatureLiterary genre The frontispiece for some early scientific literature published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Part of a series onScience General History Literature Method Philosophy Branches Formal Natural Physical Life Social Behavioral Cognitive Applied Science studies & Society Communication Community Education Funding Policy Pseudoscience Scientist Science portal Outline Category Article indexes Glossariesvte Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences.The LancetThe Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal, founded in England in 1823. It is one of the world's highest-impact academic journals and one of the oldest medical journals still in publication. The journal publishes original research articles, review articles (divided into seminars and reviews), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports.
United States Office of Research IntegrityThe Office of Research Integrity (ORI) is a U.S. government agency that focuses on research integrity, especially in health. It was created when the Office of Scientific Integrity (OSI) in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Office of Scientific Integrity Review (OSIR) in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health merged in May 1992.
ExperimentAn experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried. Experiments provide insight into cause-and-effect by demonstrating what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated. Experiments vary greatly in goal and scale but always rely on repeatable procedure and logical analysis of the results. There also exist natural experimental studies.Data fabricationIn scientific inquiry and academic research, data fabrication is the intentional misrepresentation of research results. As with other forms of scientific misconduct, it is the intent to deceive that marks fabrication as unethical, and thus different from scientists deceiving themselves. There are many ways data can be fabricated.Design of experimentsDesign of experiments with full factorial design (left), response surface with second-degree polynomial (right)The design of experiments (DOE), also known as experimental design, refers to the construction of procedures that attempt to explain how changes in one aspect of a system will lead to changes in other aspects of a system.EthicsEthics is the philosophical study of moral phenomena. Also called moral philosophy, it investigates normative questions about what people ought to do or which behavior is morally right. Its main branches include normative ethics, applied ethics, and metaethics. Normative ethics aims to find general principles that govern how people should act.
Matthew effectThe Matthew effect, sometimes called the Matthew principle or cumulative advantage, is the tendency of individuals to accrue social or economic success in proportion to their initial level of popularity, friends, wealth, and natural advantages. It is sometimes summarized by the adage or platitude "the rich get richer and the poor get poorer".
Professional conductProfessional conduct is the field of regulation of members of professional bodies, either acting under statutory or contractual powers. Historically, professional conduct was wholly undertaken by the private professional bodies, the sole legal authority for which was of a contractual nature. These bodies commonly established codes of conduct and ethical codes for the guidance of their members.Duplicate publicationDuplicate publication, multiple publication, redundant publication or self-plagiarism refers to publishing the same intellectual material more than once, by the author or publisher. It does not refer to the unauthorized republication by someone else, which constitutes plagiarism, copyright violation, or both.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.