High-level programming languageA high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In contrast to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or may automate (or even hide entirely) significant areas of computing systems (e.g. memory management), making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable than when using a lower-level language.
Object-oriented programmingObject-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulatedata and function(s). An OOP computer program consists of objects that interact with one another. An OOP language is one that provides object-oriented programming features, but as the set of features that contribute to OOP is contested, classifying a language as OOP – and the degree to which it supports OOP – is debatable.
Yukihiro MatsumotoYukihiro Matsumoto (まつもとゆきひろ, Matsumoto Yukihiro; born 14 April 1965), also known as Matz, is a Japanese computer scientist and software programmer. He is best known as the chief designer of the Rubyprogramming language and its original reference implementation, Matz's Ruby Interpreter (MRI). As of 2011, Matsumoto is the Chief Architect of Ruby at Heroku, an online cloud platform-as-a-service in San Francisco.Procedural programmingProcedural programming is a programming paradigm, classified as imperative programming, that involves implementing the behavior of a computer program as procedures (a.k.a. functions, subroutines) that call each other. The resulting program is a series of steps that forms a hierarchy of calls to its constituent procedures. The first major procedural programming languages appeared c. 1957–1964, including Fortran, ALGOL, COBOL, PL/I and BASIC.Primitive data typeIn computer science, primitive data types are sets of basic data types from which all other data types are constructed. Specifically it often refers to the limited set of data representations in use by a particular processor, which all compiled programs must use. Most processors support a similar set of primitive data types, although the specific representations vary.
Object (computer science)In software development, an object is a semanticentity that has state, behavior, and identity. An object can model some part of reality or can be an invention of the design process whose collaborations with other such objects serve as the mechanisms that provide some higher-level behavior. Put another way, an object represents an individual, identifiable item, unit, or entity, either real or abstract, with a well-defined role in the problem domain.General-purpose programming languageIn computer software, a general-purpose programming language (GPL) is a programming language for building software in a wide variety of application domains. Conversely, a domain-specific programming language (DSL) is used within a specific area. For example, Python is a GPL, while SQL is a DSL for querying relational databases.
Functional programmingProgramming paradigm based on applying and composing functionsIn computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by applying and composing functions. It is a declarative programming paradigm in which function definitions are trees of expressions that map values to other values, rather than a sequence of imperativestatements which update the running state of the program.Just-in-time compilationJust-in-time (JIT) compilation (also dynamic translation or run-time compilations) is compilation of computer code during execution of a program at run time rather than before execution. This may consist of source code translation but is more commonly bytecode translation to machine code, which is then executed directly.
Type systemA programming language consists of a system of allowed sequences of symbols (constructs) together with rules that define how each construct is interpreted. For example, a language might allow expressions representing various types of data, expressions that provide structuring rules for data, expressions representing various operations on data, and constructs that provide sequencing rules for the order in which to perform operations.
Garbage collection (computer science)Form of automatic memory management Stop-and-copy garbage collection in a Lisp architecture: Memory is divided into working and free memory; new objects are allocated in the former. When it is full (depicted), garbage collection is performed: All data structures still in use are located by pointer tracing and copied into consecutive locations in free memory.Interpreter (computing)In computing, an interpreter is software that executessource code without first compiling it to machine code. An interpreted runtime environment differs from one that processes CPU-native executable code which requires translating source code before executing it. An interpreter may translate the source code to an intermediate format, such as bytecode.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.