BGN/PCGN romanizationBGN/PCGN romanization are the systems for romanization and Roman-script spelling conventions adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use (PCGN). The systems have been approved by the BGN and the PCGN for application to geographic names, but they have also been used for personal names and text in the US and the UK.ALA-LC romanizationALA-LC (American Library Association – Library of Congress) is a set of standards for romanization, the representation of text in other writing systems using the Latin script.
Latin scriptThe Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae in Magna Graecia. The Greek alphabet was altered by the Etruscans, and subsequently their alphabet was altered by the Ancient Romans.
Persian alphabetWriting system of the Perso-Arabic script (خط فارسی-عربی) or "khat farsi-arbi"TransliterationTransliteration is the attempt to represent the text of one language in the writing system of another.
AbjadAn abjad (; or abgad, lit.'alphabet') is a writing system in which only consonants are represented by letter signs, leaving the vowels to be inferred by the reader (unless represented otherwise, such as by diacritics). This contrasts with alphabets that provide graphemes for both consonants and vowels. The term was introduced in 1990 by Peter T. Daniels.ConsonantSpeech sound articulated by closing the vocal tract fully or partially In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract.
Iranian PersianVariety of Persian language Iranian Persian (فارسی ایرانی, Fârsi-ye Irâni; Iranian Persian pronunciation: [fɒːɾˈsiːje ʔiː.ɹɒːˈníː]), Western Persian or Western Farsi, is the variety of the Persian language spoken in Iran and by others in neighboring countries, as well as by Iranian communities throughout the world. These are intelligible with other varieties of Persian, including Afghanistan's Dari and Tajikistan's Tajik.PhonologyPhonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that concerns how languages organize the foundational elements that make their words. In spoken languages, these are phonemes like vowel and consonant sounds that affect meaning. Examples of this effect can be found in comparisons of English words like bat and gnat. In sign languages, these are components of signs such as hand shape and location.OrthographyAn orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, punctuation, word boundaries, capitalization, hyphenation, and emphasis. Most national and international languages have an established writing system that has undergone substantial standardization, thus exhibiting less dialect variation than the spoken language.VowelSound in spoken language, articulated with an open vocal tractIPA: Vowels audiofull chartLegend: unrounded • roundedA vowel is a speech sound pronounced with minimal to no stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, loudness, and length. They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress.
Tajik languageTajik, Tajik Persian, Tajiki Persian, also called Tajiki, as well as sometimes referred to as Eastern Persian,, is the variety of Persian spoken in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan by ethnic Tajiks. It is closely related to neighbouring Dari in Afghanistan, with which it forms a continuum of mutually intelligible varieties of the Persian language. Several scholars consider Tajik to be a dialectal variety of Persian rather than a language in its own right.Persian languageWestern Iranian languageThis article contains Persian text. Without proper , you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.Persian, also known as Farsi, is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.
Latin scriptThe Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae in Magna Graecia. The Greek alphabet was altered by the Etruscans, and subsequently their alphabet was altered by the Ancient Romans.Persian alphabetWriting system of the Perso-Arabic script (خط فارسی-عربی) or "khat farsi-arbi"TransliterationTransliteration is the attempt to represent the text of one language in the writing system of another.AbjadAn abjad (; or abgad, lit.'alphabet') is a writing system in which only consonants are represented by letter signs, leaving the vowels to be inferred by the reader (unless represented otherwise, such as by diacritics). This contrasts with alphabets that provide graphemes for both consonants and vowels. The term was introduced in 1990 by Peter T. Daniels.ConsonantSpeech sound articulated by closing the vocal tract fully or partially In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract.Iranian PersianVariety of Persian language Iranian Persian (فارسی ایرانی, Fârsi-ye Irâni; Iranian Persian pronunciation: [fɒːɾˈsiːje ʔiː.ɹɒːˈníː]), Western Persian or Western Farsi, is the variety of the Persian language spoken in Iran and by others in neighboring countries, as well as by Iranian communities throughout the world. These are intelligible with other varieties of Persian, including Afghanistan's Dari and Tajikistan's Tajik.PhonologyPhonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that concerns how languages organize the foundational elements that make their words. In spoken languages, these are phonemes like vowel and consonant sounds that affect meaning. Examples of this effect can be found in comparisons of English words like bat and gnat. In sign languages, these are components of signs such as hand shape and location.OrthographyAn orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, punctuation, word boundaries, capitalization, hyphenation, and emphasis. Most national and international languages have an established writing system that has undergone substantial standardization, thus exhibiting less dialect variation than the spoken language.VowelSound in spoken language, articulated with an open vocal tractIPA: Vowels audiofull chartLegend: unrounded • roundedA vowel is a speech sound pronounced with minimal to no stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, loudness, and length. They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress.Tajik languageTajik, Tajik Persian, Tajiki Persian, also called Tajiki, as well as sometimes referred to as Eastern Persian,, is the variety of Persian spoken in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan by ethnic Tajiks. It is closely related to neighbouring Dari in Afghanistan, with which it forms a continuum of mutually intelligible varieties of the Persian language. Several scholars consider Tajik to be a dialectal variety of Persian rather than a language in its own right.Persian languageWestern Iranian languageThis article contains Persian text. Without proper , you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.Persian, also known as Farsi, is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.