Executive Order 11246Executive Order 11246, signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson, was an executive order of the Article II branch of the United States federal government, in place from 1965 to 2025, specifying non-discriminatory practices and affirmative action in federal government hiring and employment.
Office of Federal Contract Compliance ProgramsThe Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) is part of the U.S. Department of Labor. OFCCP is responsible for ensuring that employers doing business with the federal government comply with the laws and regulations requiring nondiscrimination. This mission is based on the underlying principle that employment opportunities generated by Federal dollars should be available to all Americans on an equitable and fair basis.
Arthur FletcherArthur Allen Fletcher (born Edward Arthur Allen; December 22, 1924 – July 12, 2005) was an American government official and Republican politician, he was a pioneer of affirmative action as he was largely responsible for the Revised Philadelphia Plan. BiographyFletcher was born Edward Arthur Allen on December 22, 1924, in Phoenix, Arizona, to Edna Miller and Samuel Brit Allen.
Construction workerA construction worker, builder, or constructor, is a person employed in the physical construction of the built environment and its infrastructure. The term is used to cover a wide range of roles and tasks during all phases of a construction project, though it typically refers to those involved in the physical labor of construction. DefinitionsBy some definitions, construction workers may be engaged in manual labour as unskilled or semi-skilled workers.
PhiladelphiaMost populous city in Pennsylvania, USConsolidated city-county in the United StatesPhiladelphia ( ), colloquially referred to as Philly, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the United States. Its population was 1.60 million at the 2020 census and estimated at 1.57 million in 2025.
Civil Rights Act of 1964The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Pub. L.88–352, 78 Stat.241, enacted July 2, 1964) is a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation in schools and public accommodations, and employment discrimination.Trade unionA trade union (British English) or labor/labour union (North American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers whose purpose is to maintain or improve the conditions of their employment, such as attaining better wages and benefits, improving working conditions and safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing the status of employees (including rules on promotions and just-cause conditions for termination), and protecting and increasing the bargaining power of workers.
Employment Standards AdministrationThe Employment Standards Administration (ESA) was the largest agency within the U.S. Department of Labor.
United States Department of LaborThe United States Department of Labor (DOL) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It is responsible for the administration of federal laws governing occupational safety and health, wage and hour standards, unemployment benefits, reemployment services, and occasionally, economic statistics. It is headed by the secretary of labor, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.Government contractorA government contractor is a company (privately owned, publicly traded or a state-owned enterprise) – either for profit or non-profit – that produces goods or services under contract for the government. Some communities are largely sustained by government contracting activity; for instance, much of the economy of Northern Virginia consists of government contractors employed directly or indirectly by the federal government of the United States.
Presidency of Richard NixonU.S. presidential administration from 1969 to 1974PersonalBirthplaceElectoral historyDepictionsU.S. Representative from California1946 election1948 electionU.S. Senator from California1950 electionCheckers speech36th Vice President of the United StatesTransitionEisenhower administrationInaugurations firstsecondMotorcade attackKitchen DebatePost-vice presidency1962 California gubernatorial bid"Last press conference"37th President of the United StatesPresidencyTimelineTransitionInaugurationsfirstsecondAppointmentsFederal judgesSupreme Court candidatesJudicial controversiesPoliciesEconomicNixon shockForeignNixon DoctrineVietnamizationEnvironmentalEPAClean WaterNOAALegacy of ParksCannabiswar on drugsNative AmericanTenureEnd of the draft1972 visit to ChinaAnti-Ballistic Missile TreatyWar on cancerPhiladelphia PlanMinority Business EnterpriseOSHAApollo programParis Peace Accordsdecent interval1971 Bolivian coup d'état1973 Chilean coup d'étatYom Kippur WarairliftMideast Peace ProcessMarine Mammal Protection ActEndangered Species ActImpeachment processWatergate scandaltimelineTapesUnited States v. NixonResignation speechPardonPost-presidencyNixon interviewsFoundationPresidential Library and MuseumCenter for the National InterestBibliographySix CrisesDeath and state funeralPresidential campaigns1960electionprimariesconventiondebates1968electionprimariesconvention"Bring Us Together"1972electionprimariesconventionVice presidential campaigns1952 selectionconventionelection1956 conventionelectionRichard Nixon's tenure as the 37th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 1969, and ended when he resigned on August 9, 1974, in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office, the only U.S. president ever to do so.
Institutional discriminationInstitutional discrimination is discriminatory treatment of an individual or group of individuals by institutions, through unequal consideration of members of subordinate groups. Societal discrimination is discrimination by society. These unfair and indirect methods of discrimination are often embedded in an institution's policies, procedures, laws, and objectives.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.