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Renée Richards

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Renée Richards (born August 19, 1934) is an American ophthalmologist and former tennis player who competed on the professional circuit in the 1970s, and became widely known following male-to-female medical affirmation, when she fought to compete as a woman in the 1976 US Open. The United States Tennis Association began requiring genetic screening for female players that year. Richards challenged that policy, and the New York Supreme Court ruled in her favor, a landmark case in transgender rights.

United States Tennis AssociationUnited States Tennis AssociationThe United States Tennis Association (USTA) is the national governing body for tennis in the United States. A not-for-profit organization with more than 700,000 members, it invests 100% of its proceeds to promote and develop the growth of tennis, from the grass-roots to the professional levels. The association was created to standardize rules and regulations and to promote and develop the growth of tennis in the United States.Transgender people in sportsTransgender people in sportsThe participation of transgender people in competitive sports, a traditionally sex-segregated institution, has become a subject of debate and controversy, particularly in relation to the inclusion of transgender women and girls in women's sports.US Open (tennis)US Open (tennis)Hard-court tennis tournamentThe US Open Tennis Championships, commonly called the US Open (stylized in all lowercase), is a hardcourttennis tournament organized by the United States Tennis Association annually in Queens, New York City. It is chronologically the fourth and final of the four Grand Slamtennisevents, held after the Australian Open, French Open, and Wimbledon.Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat HospitalManhattan Eye, Ear and Throat HospitalManhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital (MEETH) is a specialty hospital in New York City that was founded in 1869 and is currently located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan at 210 East 64th Street (between 2nd and 3rd Avenues).Gender transitionGender transitionGender transition is the process of affirming and expressinginternal sense of gender, rather than the sex assigned at birth. It is a recommended course of treatment for persons experiencing gender dysphoria, providing improved mental health outcomes in the majority of people. A social transition may include coming out as transgender, using a new name and pronouns, and changing one's public gender expression. This is usually the first step in a gender transition.Martina NavratilovaMartina NavratilovaMartina Navratilova (Czech: Martina Navrátilová, pronounced [ˈmarcɪna ˈnavraːcɪlovaː] ; née Šubertová [ˈʃubɛrtovaː]; born October 18, 1956) is a Czech-American former professional tennis player. She was ranked world No. 1 in women's singles for 332 weeks (second-most all time), including as the year-end No. 1 seven times, and was world No. 1 in women's doubles for a record 237 weeks.New York Supreme CourtNew York Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York. It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts. New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals).Wimbledon ChampionshipsWimbledon ChampionshipsAnnual tennis tournament held in LondonThe Wimbledon Championships, commonly called Wimbledon, is a tennis tournament organised annually in Wimbledon, London, by the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in collaboration with the Lawn Tennis Association. It is chronologically the third of the four Grand Slam tennis events each year, held after the Australian Open and the French Open and before the US Open.Legal status of transgender peopleLegal status of transgender peopleLegal recognition of civil and human rights for transgender peopleTennisTennisTennis is a racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket strung with a cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court. The objective is to manoeuvre the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.OphthalmologyOphthalmologyOphthalmology (, ) is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and surgery of eye diseases and disorders. Ophthalmologists also diagnose systemic (other parts of the body) diseases using changes seen in the eyes. An ophthalmologist is a physician with an MD or DO degree who undergoes specialty training in medical and surgical eye care.Feminizing surgeryFeminizing gender-affirming surgery for transgender women and transfeminine non-binary people describes a variety of surgical procedures that alter the body to provide physical traits more comfortable and affirming to an individual's gender identity and overall functioning.

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