Duchy of BarThe County of Bar, later Duchy of Bar, was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire encompassing the pays de Barrois and centred on the city of Bar-le-Duc. It was held by the House of Montbéliard from the 11th century. Part of the county, the so-called Barrois mouvant, became a fief of the Kingdom of France in 1301 and was elevated to a duchy in 1354. The Barrois non-mouvant remained a part of the Empire. From 1480, it was united to the imperial Duchy of Lorraine.
House of Valois-AnjouThe House of Valois-Anjou (French: Maison de Valois-Anjou, Italian: Casa Valois-Angiò) was a noble French family and a cadet branch of the House of Valois. Members of the house served as rulers of the Duchy of Anjou in the Kingdom of France, the County of Provence in the Holy Roman Empire, and also as monarchs of the Kingdom of Naples, as well as lords of several other territories.
Charles VII of FranceCharles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461), called the Victorious (French: le Victorieux) or the Well-Served (le Bien-Servi), was King of France from 1422 to his death in 1461. His reign saw the end of the Hundred Years' War and a de facto end of the English claims to the French throne. During the Hundred Years' War, Charles VII inherited the throne of France under desperate circumstances.
List of kings and dukes of LorraineThe kings and dukes of Lorraine have held different posts under different governments over different regions, since its creation as the kingdom of Lotharingia by the Treaty of Prüm, in 855. The first rulers of the newly established region were kings of the Franks. The Latin construction "Lotharingia" evolved over time into "Lorraine" in French, "Lotharingen" in Dutch and "Lothringen" in German.
John II of FranceJohn II (French: Jean II; 26 April 1319 – 8 April 1364), called John the Good (French: Jean le Bon), was King of France from 1350 until his death in 1364.
French languageFrench (français or langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. Like all other Romance languages, French and its closest relatives—the langues d'oïl, historically spoken in northern France and southern Belgium—descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire. It was influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul and by the GermanicFrankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders.
Counts and dukes of AnjouThe count of Anjou was the ruler of the County of Anjou, first granted by King Charles the Bald in the 9th century to Robert the Strong. Ingelger and his son, Fulk the Red, were viscounts until Fulk assumed the title of count. Ingelger's male line ended with Geoffrey II. Subsequent counts of Anjou were descended from Geoffrey's sister Ermengarde and Count Geoffrey II of Gâtinais.
Aragonese conquest of NaplesThe conquest of the Kingdom of Naples and its incorporation into the Crown of Aragon was carried out between 1435 and 1442 by King Alfonso V of Aragon.
Occitan languageRomance language of Western EuropeGeographic range of the Occitan language around 1900Occitan (English: ; Occitan pronunciation:), also known by its native speakers as lenga d'òc (Occitan:; French: langue d'oc), sometimes also referred to as Provençal, is a Romance language spoken in southern France, Monaco, Italy's Occitan Valleys and the Val d'Aran in northeast Spain; collectively, these regions are sometimes referred to as Occitania.
Aix-en-ProvenceAix-en-Provence, often known as simply Aix, is a city and commune in southern France, about 30 km (20 mi) north of Marseille. A former capital of Provence, it is the subprefecture of the arrondissement of Aix-en-Provence, in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The population of Aix-en-Provence is approximately 148,000. Its inhabitants are called Aixois or, less commonly, Aquisextains.
List of rulers of ProvenceThe land of Provence has a history quite separate from that of any of the larger nations of Europe. Its independent existence has its origins in the frontier nature of the dukedom in MerovingianGaul. In this position, influenced and affected by several different cultures on different sides, the Provençals maintained a unity which was reinforced when the region was made a separate kingdom during the Carolingian decline of the later ninth century.
Italian languageRomance languageItalian (italiano, pronounced, or lingua italiana, pronounced) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family. It is a standardised form of literary Florentine Tuscan and, together with Sardinian, is the least differentiated language from Latin. Current estimates indicate that between 68 and 85 million people speak Italian, including approximately 64 million native speakers as of 2024.
Prince du sangA prince du sang (French pronunciation:) or prince of the blood is a person legitimately descended in male line from a sovereign. The female equivalent is princesse du sang (princess of the blood), being applied to the daughter of a prince of the blood.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.