Old Chinese phonologyScholars have attempted to reconstruct the phonology of Old Chinese from documentary evidence. Although the writing system does not describe sounds directly, shared phonetic components of the most ancient Chinese characters are believed to link words that were pronounced similarly at that time. The oldest surviving Chinese verse, in the Classic of Poetry (Shijing), shows which words rhymed in that period.
Rhyme dictionaryA rime dictionary, rhyme dictionary, or rime book (traditional Chinese: 韻書; simplified Chinese: 韵书; pinyin: yùnshū) is a genre of dictionary that records pronunciations for Chinese characters by tone and rhyme, instead of by graphical means like their radicals.Middle ChineseMiddle Chinese (formerly known as Ancient Chinese) or the Qieyun system (QYS) is the historical variety of Chinese recorded in the Qieyun, a rhyme dictionary first published in 601 and followed by several revised and expanded editions. The Swedish linguist Bernhard Karlgren thought that the dictionary recorded a speech standard of the capital Chang'an of the Sui and Tang dynasties.
Old ChineseThis article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper , you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see .Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese. The earliest examples of Chinese are divinatory inscriptions on oracle bones from around 1250 BC, in the Late Shang period.
Bernhard KarlgrenKlas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren (Swedish pronunciation:; 15 October 1889 – 20 October 1978) was a Swedish sinologist and linguist who pioneered the study of Chinese historical phonology using modern comparative methods.
Chinese charactersChinese characters are logographs used to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chinese culture, including Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Of the four independently invented writing systems accepted by scholars (cuneiform, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Chinese characters, and Maya script), they represent the only one that has remained in continuous use.
Liquid consonantClass of speech sounds In linguistics, a liquid consonant or simply liquid is a consonant class that consists of rhotics and laterals, which are also respectively described as "R-like" and "L-like" sounds. Liquids have also been defined as "non-nasal sonorant consonants" (although this definition often includes semivowels as well).
Labialized velar consonantVelar consonant that is labialized A labialized velar or labiovelar is a velar consonant that is labialized, with a /w/-like secondary articulation. Examples are [kʷ, ɡʷ, xʷ, ɣʷ, ŋʷ], which are pronounced like a [k, ɡ, x, ɣ, ŋ], with rounded lips, such as the labialized voiceless velar plosive [kʷ] and labialized voiced velar plosive [ɡʷ], obstruents being common among the sounds that undergo labialization.
LogogramGrapheme which represents a word or a morpheme Egyptian hieroglyphs, including logograms such as the sun disk (⊙, visible several times here) In a written language, a logogram (from Ancient Greek logos 'word', and gramma 'that which is drawn or written'), also logograph or lexigraph, is a written character that represents a semantic component of a language, such as a word or morpheme.
SonorantIn phonetics and phonology, a sonorant or resonant is a speech sound that is produced with continuous, non-turbulent airflow in the vocal tract; these are the manners of articulation that are most often voiced in the world's languages. Vowels are sonorants, as are semivowels like [j] and [w], nasals like [m] and [n], and liquids (laterals and rhotics) like [l] and [r].Tone (linguistics)In linguistics, tone is a language's use of pitch contour, pitch register, or both to distinguish words' meanings or to serve a grammatical purpose. A particular tone is a musical pitch and its movement: whether held steady, or sliding upwards or downwards, or any complex combination of these. Simply worded, in certain languages, the tone of a given word or syllable is used to differentiate or inflect words.Place of articulationPlace in the mouth consonants are articulatedCommon approximate places of articulation (passive & active):1. Exo-labial, 2. Endo-labial, 3. Dental, 4. Alveolar, 5. Post-alveolar, 6. Pre-palatal, 7. Palatal, 8. Velar, 9. Uvular, 10. Pharyngeal, 11. Glottal, 12. Epiglottal, 13. Radical, 14. Postero-dorsal, 15. Antero-dorsal, 16. Laminal, 17. Apical, 18.
單Related word or term.轉Related word or term.炭Related word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.