Political unionA political union is a type of political entity which is composed of, or created from, smaller polities or the process which achieves this. These smaller polities are usually called federated states and federal territories in a federal government; they are called prefectures, regions, or provinces in the case of a centralised government.
Personal unionSituation of two states sharing a monarch without merging Part of the Politics seriesMonarchy Central concepts MonarchMonarchismDivine right of kingsEnlightened absolutismMandate of HeavenRoyal prerogative Types Abdication system Absolute Chinese Legalist Composite Constitutional Crowned republic Diarchy Dual Duchy Grand Dynastic union Elective Emirate Ethnarch Federal Hereditary Khanate Lordship Non-sovereign Pentarchy Personal union Popular Principality Real union Regency Coregency Self-proclaimed Signoria Tetrarch Triarchy Universal Philosophy Philosophers Aquinas Dante Bodin Bellarmine Filmer Hobbes Bossuet Maistre Bonald Chateaubriand Novalis Balzac Crétineau-Joly Gogol Cortés Balmes Kierkegaard Dostoevsky Youwei Maurras Bainville Seca Evola Kuehnelt-Leddihn Bogdanor Scruton Hoppe Yarvin Works De Regno (1265-1266) Monarchia (1313) Les Six livres de la République (1576) Leviathan (1651) Patriarcha (1680) Considerations on France (1796) Enquête sur la monarchie (1900) Democracy: The God That Failed (2001) Politicians Mazarin Pius VI Ruffo Consalvi Plessis Metternich Villèle Polignac Decazes Disraeli Cortés Castillo Bismarck Mella Maurras Metaxas Churchill Renouvin Zhirinovsky Popescu-Tăriceanu Zourabichvili History Birth of the Roman Empire Magna Carta Foundation of the Ottoman Empire Tsarist autocracy Birth of the Dutch Republic Glorious RevolutionFrench Revolution Establishment of the Dutch monarchy Trienio LiberalFirst French Empire Liberal WarsSecond French Empire Unification of ItalyMeiji Restoration Austro-Hungarian Compromise German unification 5 October 1910 Revolution Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil Chinese RevolutionRussian Revolution Siamese revolution of 1932 Birth of the Italian Republic Spanish transition to democracy Iranian RevolutionModern Cambodia Nepalese Civil War Polity Aristocracy Autocracy Oligarchy Administration Court Appointment Great Officers Household Retinue Camarilla Courtier Favourite Royal guard Privy council Crown Council Makhzen Riksråd Royal assent Related ideologies Conservatism Authoritarian Traditionalist Despotism Enlightened absolutism Legal despotism Noblesse oblige Royalism National variants Brazil Canada France Bonapartism Legitimism Ultra-royalist Orléanism Georgia Germany Bavaria Iran Low Countries Belgium Dutch Republic Netherlands Luxembourg Mexico Portugal Miguelism Romania Russia Tsarism Serbia Spain Alfonsism Carlism United States United Kingdom Jacobitism Toryism High Uruguay Related topics Abdication Coronation Criticism Dynasty Lists Family Consort Descent Family trees Illegitimate Emperor system of Japan Figurehead Heir apparent presumptive List of monarchies Current Former Non-sovereign Nobility Peerage Realm Philosopher king Pretender List Rank Realm Empire Reich Regicide Regnal list Regnal number Sovereign Style Succession Anti-king Crisis Interregnum Rebellion War Usurper list Politics portalvte Part of the Politics seriesBasic forms of government List of forms · List of countries Source of power Democracy (rule by many) Demarchy Direct Economic Guided Liberal Representative Social Socialist Others Oligarchy (rule by few) Anocracy Aristocracy Broligarchy Corporatocracy Gerontocracy Imagocracy Kleptocracy Kritarchy Matriarchy Meritocracy Particracy Patriarchy Plutocracy Stratocracy Technocracy Theocracy Autocracy (rule by one) Autocratic legalism Despotism Dictatorship military Tyranny Anarchy (rule by none) Anarchism Free association Stateless Power ideology MonarchyRepublic (socio-political ideologies) Absolute Communist Constitutional Directorial Legalist Presidential Parliamentary Semi-parliamentary Semi-presidential AuthoritarianLibertarian (socio-economic ideologies) Anarchism Colonialism Communism Despotism Distributism Fascism Feudalism Islamism Socialism Totalitarianism inverted Tribalism ReligiousSecular State religion Secular state Separation of church and state State atheism GlobalLocal (geo-cultural ideologies) City-state Intergovernmental organisation National government World government Nationalism Internationalism Globalism Power structure Unitarism Unitary state Empire Principality Branches Unified state power Fusion of powers Separation of powers Client state Associated state Dependent territory Dominion Protectorate Puppet state Puppet monarch Satellite state Self-governing colony Tributary state Buffer state Vassal state Viceroyalty Federalism Confederation Devolution Federation Superstate Supranational union International relations Small power Middle power Regional power Emerging power Great power Superpower Related Administrative division Centralized government Democratic backsliding Democracy indices Democratic transition Democratisation Politics portalvte A personal union is a combination of two or more monarchical states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct.
Kingdom of HungaryThe Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946. The Catholic kingdom emerged as a continuation of the Grand Principality of Hungary upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom around 1000; his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years. By the 12th century, the kingdom had become a European power.
NorwayCountry in northern Europe Kingdom of NorwayKongeriket Norge (Bokmål)Kongeriket Noreg (Nynorsk) (in other official languages) Northern Sami:Norgga gonagasriikaLule Sami:Vuona gånågisrijkkaSouthern Sami:Nöörjen gånkarïjhkeKven:Norjan kuninkhaanvaltakunta Flag Coat of arms Anthem: Ja, vi elsker dette landet(English: "Yes, we love this country")Royal anthem: Kongesangen(English: "King's Song") Show globeShow map of EuropeShow overseas territories and dependenciesLocation of the Kingdom of Norway (green)in Europe (green and dark grey)Capitaland largest cityOslo59°56′N 10°41′E / 59.933°N 10.683°E / 59.933; 10.683Official languagesNorwegianSámiRecognised national sign languagesNorwegian Sign LanguageRecognised national minority languagesKvenRomaniScandoromaniEthnic groups (2025) 78.6% Norwegian 21.4% others Religion (2024)68.5% Christianity 61.7% Church of Norway 6.8% other Christian 27.3% no religion3.4% Islam0.8% otherDemonymNorwegianGovernmentUnitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy• Monarch Haakon VIII• Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre• President of the Storting Masud Gharahkhani• Chief Justice Toril Marie Øie LegislatureStortingUnification of the petty kingdoms• State established 872• Peak extent of the Old Kingdom 1263• Kalmar Union (personal union) 1397• Denmark–Norway (real union) 1524• State re-established 25 February 1814• Constitution 17 May 1814• Kingdoms of Sweden–Norway (personal union) 4 November 1814• Union dissolved 7 June 1905 Area • Total385,207 km2 (148,729 sq mi) (61sta)• Water (%)5.32 (2015)Population• 2026 Q2 estimate 5,633,770 (116th)• Density14.6/km2 (37.8/sq mi) (224th)GDP (PPP)2026 estimate• Total $654.160 billion (49th)• Per capita $115,548 (5th)GDP (nominal)2026 estimate• Total $599.406 billion (30th)• Per capita $105,877 (6th)Gini (2020) 25.3low inequalityHDI (2023) 0.970very high (2nd)CurrencyNorwegian krone (NOK)Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)• Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Date formatdd.mm.yyyyCalling code+47ISO 3166 codeNOInternet TLD.nob Includes the mainland, Svalbard and Jan Mayen.
DenmarkDenmark is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark, also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionallyunitary state that includes the autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland in the north Atlantic Ocean. Metropolitan Denmark, also called "continental Denmark" or "Denmark proper", consists of the northern Jutlandpeninsula and an archipelago of 406 islands.
Lands of the Crown of Saint StephenHungarian territories of Austria-Hungary Lands of the Crown of Saint StephenA Magyar Szent Korona Országai (Hungarian) Länder der Krone des Heiligen Stephan (German)Zemlje krune svetog Stjepana (Croatian)Земље круне Светог Стефана (Serbian)Krajiny Svätoštefanskej koruny (Slovak)Țările Coroanei Sfântului Ștefan (Romanian)Země Svatoštěpánské koruny (Czech)Terre della Corona di Santo Stefano (Italian)Kraje Korony Świętego Stefana (Polish)1867–1918 Top: Flag of HungaryBottom: Flag of Croatia-Slavonia Coat of arms(1915–1918) Motto: Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae("Kingdom of Mary, the Patroness of Hungary")Anthem: "Himnusz"Transleithania within Austria-Hungary alongside Cisleithania and Bosnia and HerzegovinaTerritory of the Kingdom of Hungary and the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia in green(Condominium of Bosnia-Herzegovina in purple)StatusSelf-governing part of Austria-Hungary political union between Hungary and Croatia-Slavonia (de jure; 1868-1918)Capitaland largest cityBudapestOfficial languages Hungarian Croatian (Croatia-Slavonia) Italian (Fiume) Other spoken languages:BosnianCarpathian RomaniGermanPolishRomanianRuthenianSerbianSlovakSloveneYiddishReligion Latin Catholicism, Calvinism, Lutheranism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Eastern Catholicism, Unitarianism, and JudaismGovernmentConstitutional monarchyKing • 1867–1916 Franz Joseph I• 1916–1918 Karl IV Ministers-President • 1867–1871 (first) Gyula Andrássy• 1918 (last) Mihály Károlyi LegislatureDiet• Upper houseHouse of Magnates• Lower houseHouse of RepresentativesHistorical eraNew Imperialism• Austro-Hungarian Compromise 30 March 1867• Croatian–Hungarian Settlement 17 November 1868• Bosnian Crisis 6 October 1908 – 31 March 1909• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 28 June 1914• Declaration of War on Serbia 28 July 1914• Dissolution of Austria-Hungary 31 October 1918• Eckartsau Declaration 13 November 1918• Monarchy abolished 16 November 1918• Treaty of Trianon 4 June 1920 Currency Forint (1867–1892) Korona (1892–1918) Preceded by Succeeded by Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867) Austrian Empire Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867) First Hungarian Republic State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs First Czechoslovak Republic Second Polish Republic Kingdom of Romania Italian Regency of Carnaro Banat Republic The Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (Hungarian: a Szent Korona Országai, lit.
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland1385–1795 territorial possessions of the King of Poland Crown of the Kingdom of PolandKorona Królestwa Polskiego (Polish)Corona Regni Poloniae (Latin)c. 1370–1795 Royal Banner (c. 1621) Coat of arms Anthem: "Bogurodzica""Mother of God""Gaude Mater Polonia""Rejoice, oh Mother Poland" The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1635.
Grand Duchy of LithuaniaThe Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 partitions of Poland–Lithuania. The state was founded by Lithuanians, who were at the time a polytheistic nation of several united Baltic tribes from Aukštaitija.
State (polity)A state is a political entity that rules and governs society and the population within a definite territory, or in other words, it is referred to as the country itself with various administrative divisions. Governments are considered as an apparatus, representative, or instrument of states as such the term is used as a metonym for them in governmental topics. It is widely defined by the legitimacy of its sole discretion in the use of offensive and defensive force.
InstitutionAn institution is a humanly devised structure of rules and norms that shape and constrain social behavior. All definitions of institutions generally entail that there is a level of persistence and continuity. Laws, rules, social conventions and norms are all examples of institutions. Institutions vary in their level of formality and informality.
SovereigntySupreme authority within a territoryThe frontispiece of Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan (1651), depicting the Sovereign as a massive body wielding a sword and crosier and composed of many individual peopleSovereignty is generally defined as supreme, independent control and lawmaking authority over a territory. It is expressed through the power to rule and make law.
MonarchyForm of government ruled by a monarch, or a polity with this form of governmentA monarchy is a hereditary arrangement in which the position of head of state, which may or may not be associated with political power, is legally passed on to a family member of the monarch, a head of state who reigns for life. While most monarchs gain their position based on various hereditary succession laws, they can occasionally gain their authority via election.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.