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Rail transport operations

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Rail transport operations are the day-to-day operations of a railway. A railway has two major components: the infrastructure (the permanent way, tracks, stations, freight facilities, viaducts, tunnels, etc.) and the rolling stock (the passenger coaches, locomotives, freight cars, etc.) Ownership and operation of these two components varies by location. In some places (notably, most of North America) private railway companies own and operate both the infrastructure and rolling stock (for example, Union Pacific).

Rail yardRail yardA rail yard, railway yard, railroad yard (US) or simply yard, is a series of tracks in a rail network for storing, sorting, or loading and unloading rail vehicles and locomotives. Yards have many tracks in parallel for storing rolling stock or unused locomotives off the main line, so they do not obstruct traffic flow. Cars or wagons are moved around by specially designed yard switcher locomotives (US) or shunter locomotives (UK), a type of locomotive.Rolling stockRolling stockThe term rolling stock in the rail transport industry refers to railwayvehicles, including both powered and unpowered vehicles: for example, locomotives, freight and passenger cars (or coaches), and non-revenue cars. Passenger vehicles can be unpowered, or self-propelled, single or multiple units.Network RailNetwork RailNetwork Rail Limited is the owner and infrastructure manager of most of the railway network in Great Britain. Network Rail is a non-departmental public body of the Department for Transport with no shareholders, which reinvests its income in the railways.Passenger railroad carPassenger railroad carRailway vehicle for conveying passengers Superliner double-deck auto-train lounge car operated by Amtrak Trenitalia passenger car UIC-Z1 A passenger railroad car or passenger car (American English), also called a passenger carriage, passenger coach (British English and International Union of Railways), or passenger bogie (Indian English) is a railroad car that is designed to carry passengers, usually giving them space to sit on train seats.Union Pacific RailroadUnion Pacific RailroadClass I freight railroad in the United StatesThe Union Pacific Railroad Company (reporting marksUP, UPP, UPY) is a Class I freight-hauling railroad that operates 8,300 locomotives over 32,200 miles (51,800 km) routes in 23 U.S. states west of Chicago and New Orleans. Union Pacific is the second-largest railroad in the United States after BNSF.InfrastructureInfrastructureInfrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households and firms to function. Infrastructure is composed of public and private physical structures such as roads, railways, bridges, airports, public transit systems, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, and telecommunications (including Internet connectivity and broadband access).China RailwayChina RailwayChina State Railway Group Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 中国国家铁路集团有限公司), short form China Railway (CR), is the state-owned rail transport operator and rail infrastructure manager in Mainland China. China Railway operates passenger and freight transport throughout China with 18 regional bureaus. China has the highest railway ridership in the world.SNCFSNCFThe Société nationale des chemins de fer français ([sɔsjete nɑsjɔnal de ʃ(ə)mɛ̃ d(ə) fɛʁ fʁɑ̃sɛ], lit. 'National Company of the French Railways', SNCF [ɛsɛnseɛf] ) is France's state-owned railway operator.Railway trackRailway trackRailway track (CwthE and UIC terminology) or railroad track (NAmE), also known as permanent way (per way) (CwthE) or "P way" (BrE and Indian English), is the structure on a railway consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers (railroad ties in American English) and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade. It enables trains to move by providing a dependable, low-friction surface on which steel wheels can roll.State-owned enterpriseState-owned enterpriseA state-owned enterprise (SOE) or government-owned enterprise is a business entity created or owned by a central or local government, either through an executive order or legislation. SOEs aim to generate profit for the government, prevent private sector monopolies, provide goods at lower prices, implement government policies, or serve remote areas where private businesses are scarce. The government typically holds full or majority ownership and oversees operations.Goods wagonGoods wagonGoods wagons or freight wagons (North America: freight cars), also known as goods carriages, goods trucks, freight carriages or freight trucks, are unpowered railway vehicles that are used for the transportation of cargo.

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