Radar signal characteristicsA radar system uses a radio-frequencyelectromagnetic signal reflected from a target to determine information about that target. In any radar system, the signal transmitted and received will exhibit many of the characteristics described below. In the time domainThe diagram below shows the characteristics of the transmitted signal in the time domain. Note that in this and in all the diagrams within this article, the x axis is exaggerated to make the explanation clearer.
RadarRadar is a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (ranging), direction (azimuth and elevation angles), and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It is a radiodetermination method used to detect and track aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations and terrain. The term RADAR was coined in 1940 by the United States Navy as an acronym for "radio detection and ranging".
AMES Type 7The AMES Type 7, also known as the Final GCI, was a British ground-based radar system introduced during World War II by the Royal Air Force (RAF). The Type 7 was the first truly modern radar used by the Allies, providing a 360 degree view of the airspace around the station out to a distance of about 90 miles (140 km). It allowed fighter interceptions to be plotted directly from the radar display, a concept known as ground controlled intercept, or GCI.
Radar warning receiverRadar warning receiver (RWR) systems detect the radio emissions of radar systems. Their primary purpose is to issue a warning when a radar signal that might be a threat is detected, like a fighter aircraft's fire control radar. The warning can then be used, manually or automatically, to evade the detected threat. RWR systems can be installed in all kind of airborne, sea-based, and ground-based assets such as aircraft, ships, automobiles, and military bases.
LidarLidar (, an acronym of light detection and ranging or laser imaging, detection, and ranging, often stylized LiDAR) is a method for determining ranges by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and measuring the time for the reflected light to return to the optical receiver. Lidar may operate in a fixed direction (e.g., vertical) or it may scan directions, in a special combination of 3D scanning and laser scanning.
SonarAcoustic sensing methodFrench F70 type frigates (here, La Motte-Picquet) are fitted with variable depth sonar (VDS) type DUBV43 or DUBV43C towed sonars.A sonar image of the Soviet Navy minesweeper T-297, formerly the Latvian Virsaitis, which was shipwrecked in December 1941 in the Gulf of Finland.Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels.
Cycle per secondThe cycle per second is a once-common English name for the unit of frequency now known as the hertz (Hz). Cycles per second may be denoted by c.p.s., c/s, or, ambiguously, just "cycles" (Cyc., Cy., C, or c). The term comes from repetitive phenomena such as sound waves having a frequency measurable as a number of oscillations, or cycles, per second.
HertzThe hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), often described as being equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second. The hertz is an SI derived unit whose formal expression in terms of SI base units is 1/s or s−1, meaning that one hertz is one per second or the reciprocal of one second. It is used only in the case of periodic events.
S-75 DvinaStrategic SAM system S-75 Desna / V-750SA-2 Guideline, SA-N-2 Guideline S-75 Dvina in the National Museum of Military History, Sofia, BulgariaTypeStrategic SAM systemPlace of originSoviet UnionService historyIn service1957–presentUsed bySee list of present and former operatorsWarsVietnam WarSix-Day WarIndo-Pakistani War of 1965Indo-Pakistani War of 1971Yom Kippur WarIran–Iraq WarGulf WarYugoslav WarsWar on terrorWar in Abkhazia (1992–93)First Libyan Civil WarSyrian Civil WarYemeni Civil War (2014–present)Saudi Arabian-led intervention in YemenSaudi–Yemeni border conflict (2015–present)Tigray WarProduction historyDesignerRaspletin KB-1 (head developer), Grushin MKB Fakel (missile developer), Lavochkin OKBDesigned1953–1957Produced1957No. builtApprox 4,600 launchers producedVariantsSA-75 Dvina, S-75 Desna, S-75M Volkhov/VolgaSpecifications (V-750)Mass2,300 kg (5,100 lb)Length10,600 mm (34 ft 9 in)Diameter700 mm (28 in)WarheadFrag-HEWarhead weight195 kg (430 lb)DetonationmechanismProx, contact and commandPropellantSolid-fuel booster and a storable liquid-fuel upper stageOperationalrange45 km (28 mi)Flight altitude25,000 m (82,000 ft)Boost time5 seconds boost, then 20 seconds sustainMaximum speedMach 3.5 (4,100 km/h; 2,600 mph)GuidancesystemRadio control command guidanceAccuracy65 m (210 ft)LaunchplatformSingle rail, ground mounted (not mobile) The S-75 (Russian: С-75; NATO reporting name SA-2 Guideline) is a Soviet-designed, high-altitude air defence system.
Electronic warfareElectromagnetic warfare or electronic warfare (EW) is warfare involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum) or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy operations. The purpose of electromagnetic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of—and ensure friendly unimpeded access to—the EM spectrum.
Carrier waveIn telecommunications, a carrier wave, carrier signal, or just carrier, is a periodic waveform (usually sinusoidal) that conveys information through a process called modulation. One or more of the wave's properties, such as amplitude or frequency, are modified by an information-bearing signal, called the message signal or modulation signal.
World War IIGlobal conflict from 1939 to 1945BelligerentsAlliesAxisCommanders and leadersMain Allied leaders: Joseph StalinFranklin D. RooseveltWinston ChurchillChiang Kai-shekMain Axis leaders: Adolf HitlerHirohitoBenito MussoliniCasualties and losses 60–75 million deaths (military and civilian) World War II, or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945), was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.