Signal edgeIn electronics, a signal edge is a transition of a digital signal from low to high or from high to low: A rising edge (or positive edge) is the low-to-high transition. A falling edge (or negative edge) is the high-to-low transition. In the case of a pulse, which consists of two edges: The leading edge (or front edge) is the first edge of the pulse. The trailing edge (or back edge) is the second edge of the pulse.
Dirac delta functionGeneralized function whose value is zero everywhere except at zero Schematic representation of the Dirac delta function by a line surmounted by an arrow. The height of the arrow is usually meant to specify the value of any multiplicative constant, which will give the area under the function. The other convention is to write the area next to the arrowhead.
Rectangular functionThe rectangular function (also known as the rectangle function, rect function, Pi function, Heaviside Pi function, gate function, unit pulse, or the normalized boxcar function) is defined as rect(tT)=Π(tT)={0,if |t|>T212,if |t|=T21,if |t|<T2.{\displaystyle \operatorname {rect} \left({\frac {t}{T}} ight)=\Pi \left({\frac {t}{T}} ight)=\left\{{\begin{array}{rl}0,&{\text{if }}|t|>{\frac {T}{2}}\\{\frac {1}{2}},&{\text{if }}|t|={\frac {T}{2}}\\1,&{\text{if }}|t|<{\frac {T}{2}}.\end{array}} ight.}Alternative definitions of the function define rect(t=±T2){\textstyle \operatorname {rect} \left(t=\pm {\frac {T}{2}} ight)} to be 0, 1, or undefined.Pulse shapingIn electronics and telecommunications, pulse shaping is the process of changing a transmitted pulse's waveform to optimize the signal for its intended purpose or communication channel. This is often done by limiting the bandwidth of the transmission and filtering the pulses to control intersymbol interference (ISI).
Pulse waveA pulse wave, pulse train, or rectangular wave is a sequence of discrete pulses occurring in a signal over time. Typically, these pulses are of similar shape and are evenly spaced in time, forming a periodic or near-periodic sequence. Pulse waves outputs are widely used in tachometers, speedometers and encoders.
Sinc functionIn mathematics, physics and engineering, the sinc function (), denoted by sinc(x), is defined as either sinc(x)=sinxx{\displaystyle \operatorname {sinc} (x)={\frac {\sin x}{x}}} or sinc(x)=sinπxπx,{\displaystyle \operatorname {sinc} (x)={\frac {\sin \pi x}{\pi x}},}the latter of which is sometimes referred to as the normalized sinc function.
Boxcar functionIn mathematics, a boxcar function is any function which is zero over the entire real line except for a single interval where it is equal to a constant A {\displaystyle A} . The function is named after its graph's resemblance to a boxcar, a type of railroad car.
Square wave (waveform)5 seconds of square wave at 220 HzFor comparison, five seconds of a 220 Hz sine wave.Problems playing these files? See .A square wave is a non-sinusoidal periodic waveform in which the amplitude alternates at a steady frequency between fixed minimum and maximum values, with the same duration at minimum and maximum. In an ideal square wave, the transitions between minimum and maximum are instantaneous.
Digital timing diagramA digital timing diagram represents a set of signals in the time domain. A timing diagram can contain many rows, usually one of them being the clock. It is a tool commonly used in digital electronics, hardware debugging, and digital communications. Besides providing an overall description of the timing relationships, the digital timing diagram can help find and diagnose digital logic hazards.
Nyquist ISI criterionIn communications, the Nyquist ISI criterion describes the conditions which, when satisfied by a communication channel (including responses of transmit and receive filters), result in no intersymbol interference or ISI. It provides a method for constructing band-limited functions to overcome the effects of intersymbol interference.
Signal processingSignal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
SignalA signal is both the process and the result of transmission of data over some media accomplished by embedding some variation. Signals are important in multiple subject fields, including signal processing, information theory and biology. In signal processing, a signal is a function that conveys information about a phenomenon. Any quantity that can vary over space or time can be used as a signal to share messages between observers.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.