Diffie–Hellman key exchangeDiffie–Hellman (DH) key exchange is a mathematical method of securely generating a symmetric cryptographic key over a public channel and was one of the first protocols as conceived by Ralph Merkle and named after Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman. DH is one of the earliest practical examples of public key exchange implemented within the field of cryptography.
Key encapsulation mechanismIn cryptography, a key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) is a public-key cryptosystem that allows a sender to generate a short secret key and transmit it to a receiver confidentially, in spite of eavesdropping and intercepting adversaries. Modern standards for public-key encryption of arbitrary messages are usually based on KEMs.
Digital signatureA digital signature is a mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents. A valid digital signature on a message gives any recipient confidence that the message came from a sender known to the recipient. In contrast, a message authentication code only gives confidence to a specific recipient that the message came from a known sender.Hybrid cryptosystemIn cryptography, a hybrid cryptosystem is one which combines the convenience of a public-key cryptosystem with the efficiency of a symmetric-key cryptosystem. Public-key cryptosystems are convenient in that they do not require the sender and receiver to share a common secret in order to communicate securely. However, they often rely on complicated mathematical computations and are thus generally much more inefficient than comparable symmetric-key cryptosystems.
Pretty Good PrivacyData encryption and authentication program Pretty Good PrivacyOriginal authorsPhil ZimmermannPGP Inc.Network AssociatesPGP Corp.DeveloperBroadcom Inc.Release1991; 35 years ago (1991)Stable release11.4.0 Maintenance Pack 2 / May 23, 2023; 3 years ago (2023-05-23) Written inCOperating systemmacOS, WindowsStandardsOpenPGP: RFC 4880, 5581, 6637, 9580PGP/MIME: RFC 2015, 3156TypeEncryption softwareLicenseCommercial proprietary softwareWebsitewww.broadcom.com/products/advanced-threat-protection/encryption Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is an encryption program that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication for data communication.Transport Layer SecurityTransport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide secured communications over a computer network, such as the Internet. The protocol is widely used in applications such as email, instant messaging, and voice over IP, but its use in securing HTTPS remains the most publicly visible.
CryptographyCryptography, or cryptology, is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, information security, electrical engineering, digital signal processing, physics, and others.Secure ShellThe Secure Shell Protocol (SSH Protocol) is a cryptographicnetwork protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network. Its most notable applications are remote login and command-line execution.
AlgorithmIn mathematics and computer science, an algorithm () is any well-defined set of instructions that when followed terminates after a finite number of steps that comprise a solution to a given computational problem. Advanced algorithms may utilize loops and involve many conditionals that decide the next step based on the inputs provided, resulting in long sequences of steps before halting, but all algorithms terminate by definition.S/MIMES/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) is a standard for public-key encryption and signing of MIME data. S/MIME is on an IETF standards track and defined in a number of documents, most importantly RFC 8551. It was originally developed by RSA Data Security, and the original specification used the IETF MIME specification with the de facto industry standard PKCS #7 secure message format.CryptosystemIn cryptography, a cryptosystem is a suite of cryptographic algorithms needed to implement a particular security service, such as confidentiality (encryption). Typically, a cryptosystem consists of three algorithms: one for key generation, one for encryption, and one for decryption. The term cipher (sometimes cypher) is often used to refer to a pair of algorithms, one for encryption and one for decryption.One-way functionIn computer science, a one-way function is a function that is easy to compute on every input, but hard to invert given the image of a random input. Here, "easy" and "hard" are to be understood in the sense of computational complexity theory, specifically the theory of polynomial time problems. This has nothing to do with whether the function is one-to-one; finding any one input with the desired image is considered a successful inversion.
Symmetric-key algorithmSymmetric-key algorithms are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption of ciphertext. The keys may be identical, or there may be a simple transformation to go between the two keys. The keys, in practice, represent a shared secret between two or more parties that can be used to maintain a private information link.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.