Fatty acidIn chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28.
EsterIn chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (either organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidichydroxyl group (−OH) of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (R′). These compounds contain a distinctive functional group. Analogues derived from oxygen replaced by other chalcogens belong to the ester category as well.
PropionibacteriumPropionibacterium is a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism: They are able to synthesize propionic acid by using unusual enzymes. Its members are primarily facultative parasites and commensals of humans and other animals, living in and around the sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and other areas of the skin.
Johann GottliebJohann Gottlieb (15 February 1815 – 4 March 1875) was an Austrian chemist who first synthesized Propionic acid. He is also known for describing and naming Paramylon.
Acetic acidChemical acid found in vinegarSample of acetic acid in a reagent bottleNames Preferred IUPAC nameAcetic acidSystematic IUPAC nameEthanoic acidOther names Vinegar (when diluted); Hydrogen acetate; Methanecarboxylic acid; Ethylic acidIdentifiers CAS Number64-19-73D model (JSmol)Interactive imageAbbreviations AcOH Beilstein Reference506007 ChEBICHEBI:15366ChEMBLChEMBL539ChemSpider171DrugBankDB03166ECHA InfoCard100.000.528EC Number200-580-7E numberE260 (preservatives)Gmelin Reference1380 IUPHAR/BPS1058KEGGC00033D00010MeSHAcetic+acidPubChemCID176RTECS numberAF1225000UNIIQ40Q9N063PUN number2789 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID5024394InChIInChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)Key: QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-NSMILESCC(O)=OProperties Chemical formulaCH3COOH Molar mass60.052 g·mol Appearance Colourless liquid OdorOverpowering vinegar-like Density1.049 g/cm (liquid); 1.27 g/cm (solid) Melting point16 to 17 °C; 61 to 62 °F; 289 to 290 K Boiling point118 to 119 °C; 244 to 246 °F; 391 to 392 K Critical point (T, P) 593 K (320 °C), 57.8 bar Solubility in waterMisciblelog P−0.28 Vapor pressure1.54653947 kPa (20 °C) 11.6 mmHg (20 °C) Acidity (pKa) 4.756 Conjugate baseAcetateMagnetic susceptibility (χ)−31.54·10 cm/mol Refractive index (nD)1.371 (VD = 18.19) Viscosity1.22 mPa s 1.22 cP Dipole moment1.74 D Thermochemistry Heat capacity(C)123.1 J/(K⋅mol) Std molarentropy(S298)158.0 J/(K⋅mol) Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)−483.88–483.16 kJ/mol Std enthalpy ofcombustion(ΔcH298)−875.50–874.82 kJ/mol-876.1 kJ/mol Enthalpy of fusion(ΔfHfus)11.7 kJ/mol Enthalpy of vaporization(ΔfHvap)23.7 kJ/mol Pharmacology ATC codeG01AD02 (WHO) S02AA10 (WHO) Legal statusAU: S2 (Pharmacy medicine) / Schedule 6, Schedule 5, Schedule 2 Appendix E, clause 3 Appendix F, clause 4Hazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordDangerHazard statementsH226, H314Precautionary statementsP280, P305+P351+P338, P310NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 320Flash point40 °C (104 °F; 313 K) Autoignitiontemperature427 °C (801 °F; 700 K) Explosive limits4–16% Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)3.31 g/kg, oral (rat) LC50 (median concentration)5620 ppm (mouse, 1 h)16000 ppm (rat, 4 h) NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible)TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m) REL (Recommended)TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m) ST 15 ppm (37 mg/m) IDLH (Immediate danger)50 ppm Related compounds Related carboxylic acidsFormic acidPropionic acidRelated compoundsAcetaldehydeAcetamideAcetic anhydrideChloroacetic acidAcetyl chlorideGlycolic acidEthyl acetatePotassium acetateSodium acetateThioacetic acidSupplementary data page Acetic acid (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).N verify ( ?)
Formic acidFormic acid (from Latin formica 'ant'), systematically named methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid. It has the chemical formula HCOOH and structure H−C(=O)−O−H. This acid is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in some ants. Esters, salts, and the anion derived from formic acid are called formates. Industrially, formic acid is produced from carbon monoxide.
Jean-Baptiste DumasJean Baptiste André Dumas (French pronunciation:; 14 July 1800 – 10 April 1884) was a French chemist, best known for his works on organic analysis and synthesis, as well as the determination of atomic weights (relative atomic masses) and molecular weights by measuring vapor densities. He also developed a method for the analysis of nitrogen in compounds. BiographyDumas was born in Alès (Gard), and became an apprentice to an apothecary in his native town.
Carboxylic acidIn organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is a polar, organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH, with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids.
PreservativeA preservative is a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food products, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. In general, preservation is implemented in two modes, chemical and physical. Chemical preservation entails adding chemical compounds to the product.
Greek languageGreek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, romanized: elliniká; Ancient Greek: ἑλληνική, romanized: hellēnikḗ) is an Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family. It is native to the territories that have had populations of Greeks since antiquity: Greece, Cyprus, Egypt, Turkey, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, Caucasus, the Black Sea coast, and the .Chemical formulaA chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs. These are limited to a single typographic line of symbols, which may include subscripts and superscripts.
CarboxylateIn chemistry, a carboxylate is an anion with the general formula RCOO (or RCO−2). Carboxylate salts are salts that have the general formula M(RCOO)n, where M is a metal and n is 1, 2,.... Carboxylate esters have the general formula RCOOR′ (also written as RCO2R′), where R and R′ are organic groups. Occurrence and usesCarboxylates are pervasive in nature, as all amino acids exist as such.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.