Informal fallacyInformal fallacies are a type of incorrect argument in natural language. The source of the error is not necessarily due to the form of the argument, as is the case for formal fallacies, but is due to its content and context. Fallacies, despite being incorrect, usually appear to be correct and thereby can seduce people into accepting and using them.
FilibusterA filibuster is a parliamentary procedure in which one or more members of a legislative body prolong debate on proposed legislation so as to delay or entirely prevent a decision. It is sometimes referred to as "talking a bill to death" or "talking out a bill", and is characterized as a form of obstruction in a legislature or other decision-making body. A motion of cloture (also closure or guillotine) requiring a supermajority can overcome filibustering.
List of fallaciesA fallacy is an error in reasoning that undermines an argument's support for its conclusion. In academic usage, the term usually applies to arguments, although it is sometimes used more broadly for errors in reasoning in explanations, definitions, questions, or other forms of discourse. A fallacious argument may nevertheless have a true conclusion; the defect lies in the inadequate reasoning offered in support of it.RhetoricArt of persuasionPainting depicting a lecture in a knight academy, painted by Pieter Isaacsz or Reinhold Timm for Rosenborg Castle as part of a series of seven paintings depicting the seven independent arts. This painting illustrates rhetoric.Rhetoric is the art of persuasion. It is one of the three ancient arts of discourse (trivium) of classical antiquity, along with grammar and logic/dialectic.
SloganA slogan is a memorable motto or phrase used in a clan or a political, commercial, religious, or other context as a repetitive expression of an idea or purpose, with the goal of persuading members of the public or a more defined target group. The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as "a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising". A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and appealing to the audience.Talking pointA talking point is a pre-established message or formula used in the field of political communication, sales and commercial or advertising communication. The message is coordinated a priori to remain more or less invariable regardless of which stakeholder brings the message in the media.
Argument from ignoranceArgument from ignorance (Latin: argumentum ad ignorantiam), or appeal to ignorance, is an informal fallacy where something is claimed to be true or false because of a lack of evidence to the contrary. The fallacy is committed when one asserts that a proposition is true because it has not yet been proven false or a proposition is false because it has not yet been proven true.
Irrelevant conclusionAn irrelevant conclusion, also known as ignoratio elenchi (Latin for 'ignoring refutation') and under other names, is the informal fallacy of presenting an argument whose conclusion fails to address the issue in question. It falls into the broad class of relevance fallacies.
BrainwashingBrainwashing refers to the idea that an individual can get someone to adopt a particular doctrine or belief using purported methods that manipulate action or thought against a person's will, desire, or knowledge. The term "brainwashing" was first used in English by Edward Hunter in 1950 to describe how the Chinese government appeared to make people cooperate with them during the Korean War.Appeal to the stoneAppeal to the stone, also known as argumentum ad lapidem, is a logical fallacy that dismisses an argument as untrue or absurd. The dismissal is made by stating or reiterating that the argument is absurd, without providing further argumentation. This theory is closely tied to proof by assertion due to the lack of evidence behind the statement and its attempt to persuade without providing any evidence. Appeal to the stone is a logical fallacy.
Argumentum ad populumIn argumentation theory, an argumentum ad populum (Latin for 'appeal to the people') is an informal fallacy that asserts a claim is true, good, or correct because many people allegedly think so.
Ad nauseamAd nauseam is a Latin term used to describe an argument or a discussion that has been extended to the figurative point of nausea. For example, "this has been discussed ad nauseam" indicates that the topic has been discussed extensively and those involved have grown sick of it.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.