Communist Party of CzechoslovakiaThe Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Czech and Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa, KSČ) was a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992. It was a member of the Comintern. Between 1929 and 1953, it was led by Klement Gottwald.
Czechoslovak Socialist RepublicThe Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (known from 1948 to 1960 as the Czechoslovak Republic), Fourth Czechoslovak Republic, or simply Czechoslovakia, was the Czechoslovak state from 1948 until 1989, when the country was under communist rule, and was regarded as a satellite state in the Soviet sphere of interest.
Alexander DubčekAlexander Dubček (Slovak pronunciation:; 27 November 1921 – 7 November 1992) was a Slovak statesman who served as the First Secretary of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) (de facto leader of Czechoslovakia) from January 1968 to April 1969 and as Chairman of the Federal Assembly from 1989 to 1992 following the Velvet Revolution.
Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from its formation in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. It was the world's third-most populous country, the largest by area, and bordered twelve other countries.
Warsaw PactThe Warsaw Pact (WP), formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), was a collective defence treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Blocsocialist republics in Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.
People's Republic of BulgariaThe People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB; Bulgarian: Народна република България, НРБ, romanized: Narodna republika Bŭlgariya, NRB; pronounced [nɐˈrɔdnɐ rɛˈpublikɐ bɐɫˈɡarijɐ]) was the Bulgarian state that existed from 1946 to 1990, ruled by the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP; Bulgarian: Българска комунистическа партия (БКП)) together with its coalition partner, the Bulgarian Agrarian People's Union.
East GermanyEast Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) on 3 October 1990. Until 1989, it was generally viewed as a communist state and described itself as a socialist workers' and peasants' state.
Secretary (title)Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived from the Latin word secernere, "to distinguish" or "to set apart", the passive participle (secretum) meaning "having been set apart", with the eventual connotation of something private or confidential, as with the English word secret.
Czech languageCzech ( CHEK; endonym: čeština [ˈtʃɛʃcɪna] ), historically known as Bohemian ( boh-HEE-mee-ən, bə-; Latin: lingua Bohemica), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script. Spoken by over 12 million people including second-language speakers, it serves as the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech is closely related to Slovak, to the point of high mutual intelligibility, as well as to Polish to a lesser degree.
Slovak languageSlovak ( SLOH-va(h)k; endonym: slovenčina [ˈslɔʋent͡ʂina] or slovenský jazyk [ˈslɔʋenskiː ˈjazik] ), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script. It is part of the Indo-European language family, and is one of the Slavic languages, which are part of the larger Balto-Slavic branch.LiberalizationLiberalization (American English) or liberalisation (British English) is a broad term that refers to the practice of making laws, systems, or opinions less severe, usually in the sense of eliminating certain government regulations or restrictions. The term is used most often in relation to economics, where it refers to economic liberalization, the removal or reduction of restrictions placed upon (a particular sphere of) economic activity.ReformismPolitical ideology advocating gradual change Part of the politics seriesParty politics Political spectrum Left–right spectrum Far-leftLeft-wingCentre-leftCentreCentre-rightRight-wingFar-right Other Big tentRadical centrismSyncretism Major ideologies Agrarianism Anarchism Communism Conservatism Fascism Green politics Liberalism Libertarianism Monarchism Nationalism Progressivism Regionalism Religious democracy Social democracy Socialism Types Antisemitic Bloc Bourgeois Cartel Catch-all Competitive Elite Entrepreneurial Ethnic Euro Fraternal Major and Minor Mass Official party status Parliamentary opposition Party of power Volks Ruling and Opposition Rump Single-issue Transnational or International Taxi Leaders and organization Backbencher Caucus Caucus chair Frontbencher Lead candidate Leader of the Opposition Majority leader Minority leader Political faction Parliamentary leader Party chair Party leader Party spokesperson Party secretary Shadow cabinet Whip Internal elections Primary election Leadership election Open list Party convention/conference Leadership convention Party discipline Conscience vote Crossing the floor Party discipline Party line Party-line vote Party switching Whip Party systems One-party Dominant-partyTwo-partyMulti-party Non-partisan Coalitions between parties Coalition government Confidence and supply Consensus government Cordon sanitaire Divided government Electoral alliance Grand coalition Hung parliament Majority government Minority government National unity government Parliamentary group Rotation government Lists of political parties Ruling political parties by country Political parties by region Banned political parties Largest political parties Politics portalvte Reformism is a political tendency advocating the reform of an existing system or institution—often a political or religious establishment—as opposed to its abolition and replacement via revolution.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.