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Power amplifier classes

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In electronics, power amplifier classes are letter symbols applied to different power amplifier types. The class gives a broad indication of an amplifier's efficiency, linearity and other characteristics. Broadly, as you go through the alphabet, the amplifiers become more efficient but less linear, and the reduced linearity is dealt with through other means.

Push–pull outputPush–pull outputA push–pull amplifier is a type of electronic circuit that uses a pair of active devices that alternately supply current to, or absorb current from, a connected load. This kind of amplifier can enhance both the load capacity and switching speed.Crossover distortionCrossover distortionIn signal processing, crossover distortion is a type of distortion which is caused by switching between devices driving a load. It is most commonly seen in complementary, or "push-pull", class-B amplifier stages, although it is occasionally seen in other types of circuits as well. The term crossover signifies the "crossing over" of the signal between devices, in this case, from the upper transistor to the lower and vice versa.AmplifierAmplifierAn amplifier, electronic amplifier or (informally) amp is an electronic device that can increase the magnitude of a signal (a time-varying voltage or current). It is a two-port electronic circuit that uses electric power from a power supply to increase the amplitude (magnitude of the voltage or current) of a signal applied to its input terminals, producing a proportionally greater amplitude signal at its output.Output deviceOutput deviceAn output device is any piece of computer hardware that converts information or data into a human-perceptible form or, historically, into a physical machine-readable form for use with other non-computerized equipment. It can be text, graphics, tactile, audio, or video. Examples include monitors, printers and sound cards.Electrical efficiencyElectrical efficiencyThe efficiency of a system in electronics and electrical engineering is defined as useful power output divided by the total electrical power consumed (a fractionalexpression), typically denoted by the Greek small letter eta (η – ήτα).WaveformWaveformIn electronics, acoustics, and related fields, the waveform of a signal is the shape of its graph as a function of time, independent of its time and magnitudescales and of any displacement in time. Periodic waveforms repeat regularly at a constant period. The term can also be used for non-periodic or aperiodic signals, like chirps and pulses. In electronics, the term is usually applied to time-varying voltages, currents, or electromagnetic fields.Bipolar junction transistorBipolar junction transistorA bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers. In contrast, a unipolar transistor, such as a field-effect transistor (FET), uses only one kind of charge carrier. A bipolar transistor allows a small current injected at one of its terminals to control a much larger current between the remaining two terminals, making the device capable of amplification or switching.Pulse-width modulationPulse-width modulationPulse-width modulation (PWM), also known as pulse-duration modulation (PDM) or pulse-length modulation (PLM), is any method of representing a signal as a rectangular wave with a varying duty cycle (and for some methods also a varying period). PWM is useful for controlling the average power or amplitude delivered by an electrical signal.MOSFETMOSFETType of field-effect transistorTwo power MOSFETs in D2PAKsurface-mount packages.Vacuum tubeVacuum tubeDevice that controls current between electrodesLater thermionic vacuum tubes, mostly miniature style, some with top cap connections for higher voltagesA vacuum tube, vac tube, electron tube, thermionicvalve (British usage), or tube (North America) is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied.ElectronicsElectronicsElectronics is a scientific and engineering discipline that studies and applies the principles of physics to design, create, and operate devices that manipulate electrons and other electrically charged particles.Home audioHome audioHome audio refer to audio consumer electronics designed for home entertainment, such as integrated systems like shelf stereos, as well as individual components like loudspeakers and surround sound receivers. The evolution of home audio began with Edison's phonograph, transitioning from monaural to stereophonic sound in the 1950s and 60s when the term hi-fi emerged, highlighting sound accuracy and minimal distortion.

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