Potassium chloridePotassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halidesalt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorlessvitreouscrystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits.
Potassium peroxidePotassium peroxide is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula K2O2. It is formed as potassium reacts with oxygen in the air, along with potassium oxide (K2O) and potassium superoxide (KO2).
Potassium hydroxidePotassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, and is commonly called caustic potash. Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications, most of which utilize its caustic nature and its reactivity toward acids. About 2.5 million tonnes were produced in 2023. KOH is noteworthy as the precursor to most soft and liquid soaps, as well as numerous potassium-containing chemicals.
Potassium nitrateNames IUPAC namePotassium nitrateOther names SaltpeterSaltpetreIndian SaltpetreNitrate of potashNitreIdentifiers CAS Number7757-79-13D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEMBLChEMBL1644029ChemSpider22843ECHA InfoCard100.028.926EC Number231-818-8E numberE252 (preservatives)KEGGD02051PubChemCID24434RTECS numberTT3700000UNIIRU45X2JN0ZUN number1486 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID4029692InChIInChI=1S/K.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1Key: FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/K.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1Key: FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYAMSMILES[K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=OProperties Chemical formulaKNO3Molar mass101.102 g·mol Appearance white solid Odorodorless Density2.109 g/cm (16 °C (61 °F; 289 K)) Melting point334 °C (633 °F; 607 K) Boiling point400 °C (752 °F; 673 K) (decomposes) Solubility in water133 g/L (0 °C (32 °F; 273 K))316 g/L (20 °C (68 °F; 293 K))383 g/L (25 °C (77 °F; 298 K))2439 g/L (100 °C (212 °F; 373 K))Solubilityslightly soluble in ethanol soluble in glycerol, ammoniaBasicity (pKb) 15.3 Magnetic susceptibility (χ)−33.7×10 cm/molRefractive index (nD)1.3351.50561.5604Structure Crystal structureOrthorhombic, AragoniteThermochemistry Heat capacity(C)95.06 J⋅mol·KStd enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)−494.00 kJ⋅molHazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordWarningHazard statementsH272Precautionary statementsP210, P220, P221, P280, P370+P378, P501NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 112OXFlash pointnon-flammable (oxidizer) Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)1901 mg/kg (oral, rabbit)3750 mg/kg (oral, rat)Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0184Related compounds Other anionsPotassium nitriteOther cationsLithium nitrateSodium nitrateCalcium nitrateRubidium nitrateStrontium nitrateSilver nitrateCaesium nitrateBarium nitrateAmmonium nitrateRelated compoundsPotassium chloridePotassium sulfateSupplementary data page Potassium nitrate (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Nverify ( ?)
PotassiumNa↑K↓Rbargon ← potassium → calcium
OxygenChemical element with atomic number 8 (O)–↑O↓Snitrogen ← oxygen → fluorine
OxideAn oxide () is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion (anion bearing a net charge of −2) of oxygen, an O2− ion with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides. Even materials considered pure elements often develop an oxide coating.
Fluorite structureThe fluorite structure refers to a common motif for compounds with the formula MX2. The X ions occupy the eight tetrahedral interstitial sites whereas M ions occupy the regular sites of a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. Many compounds, notably the common mineral fluorite (CaF2), adopt this structure. Many compounds with formula M2X have an antifluorite structure.
Chemical compoundA chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element is therefore not a compound. A compound can be transformed into a different substance by a chemical reaction, which may involve interactions with other substances.
Base (chemistry)In chemistry, there are three definitions in common use of the word "base": Arrhenius bases, Brønsted bases, and Lewis bases. All definitions agree that bases are substances that react with acids, as originally proposed by G.-F. Rouelle in the mid-18th century. In 1884, Svante Arrhenius proposed that a base is a substance which dissociates in aqueous solution to form hydroxide ions OH.
HydrogenChemical element with atomic number 1 (H)–↑H↓Li(none) ← hydrogen → helium
IonAn ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention. The net charge of an ion is not zero because its total number of electrons is unequal to its total number of protons.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.