Type systemA programming language consists of a system of allowed sequences of symbols (constructs) together with rules that define how each construct is interpreted. For example, a language might allow expressions representing various types of data, expressions that provide structuring rules for data, expressions representing various operations on data, and constructs that provide sequencing rules for the order in which to perform operations.Fundamental Concepts in Programming LanguagesFundamental Concepts in Programming Languages were an influential set of lecture notes written by Christopher Strachey for the International Summer School in Computer Programming at Copenhagen in August 1967. It introduced much programming language terminology still in use today, including "R-value" and "L-value", "ad hoc polymorphism", "parametric polymorphism", and "referential transparency".
Java (programming language)Object-oriented programming languageJava is a high-level, general-purpose, memory-safe, object-orientedprogramming language. It is intended to let programmerswrite once, run anywhere (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. Java applications are usually compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture.
Christopher StracheyChristopher S. Strachey ( ; 16 November 1916 – 18 May 1975) was a British computer scientist. A pioneer of programming language design, he was one of the founders of denotational semantics and computer time-sharing. He coined several terms that are widely used in computer science, including polymorphism and referential transparency.
Data typeIn computer science and computer programming, a data type (or simply type) is a collection or grouping of data values, usually specified by a set of possible values, a set of allowed operations on these values, and/or a representation of these values as machine types. A data type specification in a program constrains the possible values that an expression, such as a variable or a function call, might take.
ML (programming language)ML (Meta Language) is the metalanguage developed for the Edinburgh LCF theorem prover in the 1970s. It is an early statically typed, functional language with polymorphictype inference in the Hindley–Milner style, and other features like exceptions and mutable variables. ML's design in LCF directly inspired the later ML family (notably Standard ML, Caml, and their derivatives) and influenced subsequent functional language development.
ALGOL 68Programming languageALGOL 68 (short for Algorithmic Language 1968) is an imperativeprogramming language member of the ALGOL family that was conceived as a successor to the ALGOL 60 language, designed with the goal of a much wider scope of application and more rigorously defined syntax and semantics.
Programming language theoryProgramming language theory (PLT) is a branch of computer science that deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of formal languages known as programming languages. Programming language theory is closely related to other fields including linguistics, mathematics, and software engineering. HistoryIn some ways, the history of programming language theory predates even the development of programming languages.Interface (object-oriented programming)In object-oriented programming, an interface or protocol type is a data type that acts as an abstraction of a class. It describes a set of method signatures, the implementations of which may be provided by multiple classes that are otherwise not necessarily related to each other. A class which provides the methods listed in an interface is said to implement the interface, or to adopt the protocol. Interfaces are useful for encapsulation and reducing coupling.
Object-oriented programmingObject-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulatedata and function(s). An OOP computer program consists of objects that interact with one another. An OOP language is one that provides object-oriented programming features, but as the set of features that contribute to OOP is contested, classifying a language as OOP – and the degree to which it supports OOP – is debatable.
Type theoryMathematical theory of data typesIn mathematical logic, and theoretical computer science, type theory is the study of formal systems that classify expressions or mathematical objects by their types. Roughly speaking, a type plays a similar role to that played by a data type in programming: it specifies what kind of thing an expression is and how it may be used.
BiologyBiology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It is a broad natural science that encompasses a wide range of fields and unifying principles that explain the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of life.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.