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Polish State Railways

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The Polish State Railways (Polish: Polskie Koleje Państwowe, abbr.: PKP S.A.) is a Polish state-ownedholding company (legally a sole-shareholder company of the State Treasury) comprising the rail transport holdings of the country's formerly dominant namesake railway operator. The company was reformed in 2001 when the former Polish State Railways state-owned enterprise was divided into several units based on the need for separation between infrastructure management and transport operations.

PKP IntercityPKP IntercityPKP Intercity is the subsidiary of the PKP Group responsible for long-distance rail passenger transport in Poland. It operates around 350 trains daily, connecting large agglomerations and smaller towns in Poland. It offers its services under TLK, InterCity, Express Intercity and Express Intercity Premium brands. The company also provides most international rail connections to and from the country.PKP CargoPKP CargoPKP Cargo (WSE: PKP) is a logistics operator and a part of the PKP Group in Poland. It is the largest railway freight carrier in Poland and second largest in the European Union. PKP Cargo is listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The company's largest shareholder is PKP S.A. with a 33,01% share. PKP Cargo does not have bankruptcy capacity (as it is an entity established by law). HistoryIn 2000, PKP Cargo was spun off from Polskie Koleje Państwowe, the Polish state railways.Rail transport operationsRail transport operationsRail transport operations are the day-to-day operations of a railway. A railway has two major components: the infrastructure (the permanent way, tracks, stations, freight facilities, viaducts, tunnels, etc.) and the rolling stock (the passenger coaches, locomotives, freight cars, etc.) Ownership and operation of these two components varies by location.PKP GroupPKP GroupThe PKP Group (Polish: Grupa PKP) is a Polish corporate group founded in 2001, from the former state enterprise, Polish State Railways. The purpose of this change was to separate infrastructure management and transport operations. It consists of the following companies, of which PKP S.A. has the dominant position: PKP Group has sold PKP Energetyka, an electricity supplier and most of the shares in PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe, an infrastructure manager.KatowiceKatowiceCity county in Silesian Voivodeship, PolandKatowice (, Polish:; Silesian: Katowice; German: Kattowitz) is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Katowice urban area. As of 2021, Katowice has an official population of 286,960, and a resident population estimate of around 315,000.PKP Linia Hutnicza SzerokotorowaPolish languagePolish languagePolish (endonym: język polski, [ˈjɛ̃zɘ̟k ˈpɔlskʲi] , polszczyzna [pɔlˈʂt͡ʂɘ̟zna] or simply polski, [ˈpɔlskʲi] ) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic subgroup, within the Indo-European language family, and is written in the Latin script. It is primarily spoken in Poland and serves as the official language of the country, as well as the language of the Polish diaspora around the world. In 2024, there were over 39.7 million Polish native speakers.Tricity Rapid Urban RailwayThe Tricity Rapid Urban Railway (Polish: Szybka Kolej Miejska w Trójmieście Polish pronunciation: [ˈʂɨpka ˈkɔlɛi̯ ˈmjɛi̯ska]; SKM), is a public rapid transit and commuter rail system in Poland's Tricity area (Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia), in addition to servicing the Little Kashubian Tricity and Lębork 59 km (37 mi) west of Gdynia; its service extended in the past also to Słupsk, Pruszcz Gdański, Tczew, Elbląg, and as far south as Iława.Holding companyHolding companyA holding company is a company whose primary business is holding a controlling interest in the securities of other companies. A holding company usually does not produce goods or services itself. Its purpose is to own stock of other companies to create a corporate group. Holding companies may conduct trade and other business activities themselves. Holding companies reduce risk for the shareholders, and can permit the ownership and control of a number of different companies.State ownershipState ownershipState ownership, also called public ownership or government ownership, is the ownership of an industry, asset, property, or enterprise by the national government of a country or state, or a public body representing a community, as opposed to an individual or private party. Public ownership specifically refers to industries selling goods and services to consumers and differs from public goods and government services financed out of a government's general budget.S.A. (corporation)S.A. (corporation)The abbreviation S.A. or SA designates a type of public limited company in certain countries, most of which have a Romance language as their official language and operate a derivative of the 1804, Napoleonic, civil law. Originally, shareholders could be anonymous and collect dividends by surrendering coupons attached to their share certificates. Dividends were paid to whoever held the certificate.AbbreviationAbbreviationAn abbreviation (from Latin'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phraseet cetera.

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