Electoral systemAn electoral system is a set of rules and mechanisms used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments and also in non-political settings such as business, nonprofit organizations and informal organisations.Party-list proportional representationParty-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats roughly proportional to their share of the vote. In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems).
Closed listClosed list describes the variant of party-list systems where voters can effectively vote for only political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters had some influence, that would be called an open list. Closed list systems are still commonly used in party-list proportional representation, and most mixed electoral systems also use closed lists in their party list component.
Mixed electoral systemA mixed electoral system is one that uses different electoral systems to fill different seats in a legislature. Most often, this involves a First Past the Post combined with a proportional component.
Proportional representationVoting system that makes outcomes proportional to vote totalsOn the left are the results of the last first-past-the-postelection in New Zealand before the implementation of mixed-member proportional representationin 1996. PR systems aim to align vote percentage with seat distribution.
Open listOpen list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected. This is as opposed to closed list, in which party lists are in a predetermined, fixed order by the time of the election and gives the general voter no influence at all on the position of the candidates placed on the party list.
Political partyOrganization coordinating policy priorities and candidates for government positions The members of a political party, such as those of the Indian National Congress (pictured), coordinate to collectively achieve and use political power.Nomination rulesNomination rules in elections regulate the conditions under which a candidate or political party is entitled to stand for election. The right to stand for election, right to be a candidate or passive suffrage is one part of free and fair elections. Passive suffrage is distinct from active suffrage, the right to vote. The criteria to stand as a candidate depends on the individual legal system.
Election lawElection law is a branch of public law that relates to the democratic processes, election of representatives and office holders, and referendums, through the regulation of the electoral system, voting rights, ballot access, election management bodies, election campaign, the division of the territory into electoral zones, the procedures for the registration of voters and candidacies, its financing and propaganda, voting, counting of votes, scrutiny, electoral disputes, electoral observation and all contentious matters derived from them.
General assemblyA general assembly or general meeting is a meeting of all the members of an organization or shareholders of a company.
CommitteeA committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly or other form of organization. A committee may not itself be considered to be a form of assembly or a decision-making body. Usually, an assembly or organization sends matters to a committee as a way to explore them more fully than would be possible if the whole assembly or organization were considering them.BallotDocument used to cast votes in an election A pile of ballots used in the 2022 Latvian parliamentary election A ballot is a device used to cast votes in an election and may be found as a piece of paper or a small ball used in voting. It was originally a small ball (see blackballing) used to record decisions made by voters in Italy around the 16th century. For each election, each voter uses one ballot, and ballots are not shared.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.