Third Partition of PolandThe Third Partition of Poland (1795) was the last in a series of the Partitions of Poland–Lithuania and the land of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth among Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy, and the Russian Empire which effectively ended Polish–Lithuanian national sovereignty until 1918. The partition was the result of the Kościuszko Uprising and was followed by a number of Polish–Lithuanian uprisings during the period.
Polish–Russian War of 1792BelligerentsRussian EmpireTargowica ConfederatesPoland–LithuaniaCommanders and leadersCatherine the GreatMikhail KrechetnikovMikhail KakhovskyWilhelm DerfeldenIvan FersenMikhail KutuzovYuri DolgorukovStanisław PotockiStanisław PoniatowskiJózef PoniatowskiTadeusz KościuszkoMichał WielhorskiJózef JudyckiStanisław MokronowskiSzymon ZabiełłoJózef BielakUnits involvedImperial Russian ArmyCrown ArmyLithuanian ArmyStrength 98,000 men 70,000 menCasualties and lossesTotal: 6,6323,293 killed3,339 woundedTotal: 3,1081,816 killed1,060 wounded216 captured16 gunsThe Polish–Russian War of 1792 (also, War of the Second Partition, and in Polish sources, War in Defence of the Constitution) was fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth on one side, and the Targowica Confederation (conservative nobility of the Commonwealth opposed to the new Constitution of 3 May 1791) and the Russian Empire under Catherine the Great on the other.
Second Partition of PolandThe 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian War of 1792 and the Targowica Confederation of 1792, and was approved by its territorial beneficiaries, the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia.
Bar ConfederationBelligerentsPolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (royal crown regiments)Russian Empire Bar ConfederationAllies:Ottoman EmpireKingdom of France (from 1770)Commanders and leadersStanislaus II AugustusFranciszek Ksawery BranickiAleksandr BibikovAlexander SuvorovIvan Karpovich ElmptKarol RadziwiłłCasimir PulaskiMichał Jan PacCount BenyovszkyCharles François DumouriezStrengthLanckorona: 3,500 troopsLanckorona: ~3,500 troops; 2 cannonsTotal: ~100,000 – 150,000Casualties and losses Unknown HeavyThe Bar Confederation (Polish: Konfederacja barska; 1768–1772) was an association of Polish nobles (szlachta) formed at the fortress of Bar in Podolia (now Ukraine), in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against Russian political influence and against King Stanislaus II Augustus with Polish reformers, who were attempting to limit the power of the Commonwealth's wealthy magnates.
Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthAristocratic republic in Europe (1569–1795)"First Polish Republic" redirects here. For the first Polish state called republic, see Second Polish Republic.The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (Polish: I Rzeczpospolita), was a federativereal union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795.
First Partition of PolandThe First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.
Partition (politics)In international relations, a partition is a division of a previously unified territory into two or more parts. Brendan O'Leary distinguishes partition, a change of political borders cutting through at least one territory considered a homeland by some community, from secession, which takes place within existing recognized political units. For Arie Dubnov and Laura Robson, partition is the physical division of territory along ethno-religious lines into separate nation-states.
Russian EmpireRussian state from 1721 to 1917The Russian Empire was an empire that extended across northern Eurasia from 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in 1917, forming the final era of Tsarist Russia and the wider Russian monarchy. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about 22,800,000 km (8,800,000 sq mi), roughly one-sixth of the world's landmass, making it the third-largest empire in history, behind only the British and Mongol empires.
Kingdom of PrussiaThe Kingdom of Prussia (German: Königreich Preußen, pronounced [ˈkøːnɪkʁaɪç ˈpʁɔʏsn̩] ) was a German state that existed from 1701 to 1918. It played a significant role in the unification of Germany in 1871 and was a major constituent of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918.
PolandPoland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, and borders Lithuania and Russia to the northeast; Belarus and Ukraine to the east; Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south; and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate.
LithuaniaLithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and the Russian semi-exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest, with a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Lithuania covers an area of 65,300 km2 (25,200 sq mi), and has a population of 2.9 million.
Habsburg monarchyThe Habsburg monarchy, also known as the Habsburg Empire or Habsburg Realm (), and Danube Monarchy, was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From 1804 onward it was referred to as the Austrian Empire, and from 1867 onward as Austria-Hungary.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.