Dardic languagesThe Dardic languages (also Dardu or Pisaca), also known as Hindu-Kush Indo-Aryan languages, is an areal group of several northwestern Indo-Aryan languages spoken in northern Pakistan, northwestern India and northeastern Afghanistan. Rather than close linguistic or ethnic relationships, the term Dardic is a geographical concept, denoting the northwesternmost group of Indo-Aryan languages. The region where Dardic languages are spoken has sometimes been referred to as Dardistan.
Henrik Liljegren (linguist)Henrik Liljegren (Swedish pronunciation:) is a linguist and Professor in the Department of Linguistics at Stockholm University. He does fieldwork on languages of northern Pakistan, particularly the Hindukush–Karakoram region, and studies typology of and genetic relations between languages of the region. His most recent project is investigating Language contact and relatedness in the Hindukush region, funded by the Swedish Research Council.Biori ValleyBeori (Urdu: بھوڑی) is a valley located in Upper Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It meets the Kunar River and there are three villages located in the valley, including Drosh. It is located at 35°28′24″N 71°48′2″E according to Henrik Liljegren, a linguist. It is located at the Hindu Raj range from the southeast. The Chitral River also meets the valley.
UrduUrdu (اُرْدُو, urdū, [ˈʊɾduː] ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in South Asia. It is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also an official Eighth Schedule language in India, the status and cultural heritage of which are recognised by the Constitution of India — alongside having official status in several Indian states (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and both Telugu states). Urdu and Hindi are closely related.
Indo-Aryan languagesBranch of the Indo-Iranian languagesThe Indo-Aryan languages (or sometimes Indic languages) are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family. As of the early 21st century, there were 800 million speakers, primarily concentrated east of the Indus River in South Asia, spread across Eastern Pakistan, Northern India, southern Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Maldives.
Georg MorgenstierneGeorg Valentin von Munthe af Morgenstierne (2 January 1892 – 3 March 1978) was a Norwegian professor of linguistics with the University of Oslo (UiO). He specialized in Indo-Iranian languages. In 1944, he was imprisoned as a hostage by Nazi occupation forces. StudiesDuring the years 1923 to 1971, Morgenstierne carried out fieldwork in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Iran. In 1924, he undertook the first of his two major linguistic expeditions.
Richard StrandAmerican linguist and ethnographer Richard F. Strand is a linguist and anthropological researcher who is best known for his research into Nuristani languages and other little-known languages of Afghanistan and neighboring areas of Pakistan. He was trained at Cornell University. He has published material on the linguistics and ethnography of Nuristan and neighboring regions, collected and analyzed since 1967.
Lower Chitral DistrictLower Chitral District (Khowar: موڑی ݯھیترارو ضلع; Urdu: ضلع چترال زیریں) is a district in Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. Kho people are the dominant ethnic group in the district, and almost 90% of the population speaks Khowar as their mother tongue. DemographicsAs of the 2023 census, Lower Chitral district has 46,028 households and a population of 320,407.
KhowarKhowar (کھووار, Khōwār, ), also known by its common exonymChitrali, is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic group, primarily spoken by the Kho people (Chitralis), native to the Chitral region and surrounding areas of Pakistan. Khowar is the lingua franca of Chitral, and it is also spoken in the Gupis-Yasin and Ghizer districts of Gilgit-Baltistan, as well as in the Upper Swat district.
Khyber PakhtunkhwaKhyber Pakhtunkhwa (abbreviated KP) is a province of Pakistan. Located in the northwestern region of the country, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the fourth largest province of Pakistan by land area and the third-largest province by population. It is bordered by Balochistan to the south; Punjab, Islamabad Capital Territory, and Azad Kashmir to the east; and Gilgit-Baltistan to the north and northeast. It shares an international border with Afghanistan to the west.
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