Pa-O National Liberation ArmyThe Pa-O National Liberation Army (Pa'o Karen: ပအိုဝ်ႏစွိုးခွိုꩻလွစ်ထန်ႏရေꩻတပ်မတောႏ, Burmese: ပအိုဝ်းအမျိုးသားလွတ်မြောက်ရေးတပ်မတော်; abbreviatedPNLA) is a Pa-Oinsurgent group in Myanmar (Burma). It is the armed wing of the Pa-O National Liberation Organisation.
Nationwide Ceasefire AgreementThe Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA), officially the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement between the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and the Ethnic Armed Organisations (Burmese: တစ်နိုင်ငံလုံး ပစ်ခတ်တိုက်ခိုက်မှု ရပ်စဲရေးသဘောတူစာချုပ်), was a landmark ceasefire agreement between the government of Myanmar and representatives of various ethnic insurgent groups, officially known as "ethnic armed organisations" (EAOs) by the government.
Hopong TownshipHopong Township (Burmese: ဟိုပုန်းမြို့နယ်) (Pa'o Karen: ဝေင်ꩻနယ်ႏဟိုပုံꩻ) is the capital township of Pa-O Self-Administered Zone in the Shan State of Myanmar (Burma). The principal town is Hopong. Hopong has numerous tourist destinations, such as Htam Sam Cave and Mway Taw Pagoda.National Council of the Union of BurmaThe National Council of the Union of Burma (Burmese: ပြည်ထောင်စုမြန်မာနိုင်ငံအမျိုးသားကောင်စီ; pronounced [pjìdàʊɰ̃zṵ mjəmà nàɪɰ̃ŋàɰ̃ əmjóðá kàʊɰ̃sì]) was an opposition organisation in Myanmar (Burma), composed of representatives of exiled political and ethnic groups.
Hsi HsengHsi Hseng or Hsi-hseng (Burmese: ဆီဆိုင်မြို့) (Pa'o Karen: ဝေင်ꩻသီႏသဲင်ႏ(ဝေင်ꩻသထွုံႏပေႏ)) is a town in the Shan State of eastern Burma. It is located in Hsi Hseng Township in the Pa-O Self-Administered Zone and lies along National Highway 5. It is connected to Loikaw in the South and Taunggyi in the south.
1990 Myanmar general electionGeneral elections were held in Myanmar on 27 May 1990, the first multi-party elections since 1960, after which the country had been ruled by a military dictatorship. The elections were for a constitutional committee to draft a new constitution. The result was a landslide victory for Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD), which won 392 of the 492 seats. However, the military junta refused to recognise the results and continued ruling the country until 2011.
MyanmarMyanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by India and Bangladesh to the northwest, China to the northeast, Laos and Thailand to the east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to the south and southwest.
InsurgencyRevolt or uprising by irregular forces Insurgents in northern Iraq during the Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011) An insurgency is a violent, armed rebellion by small, lightly armed bands who practice guerrilla warfare against a larger authority. The key descriptive feature of insurgency is its asymmetric nature: small irregular forces face a large, well-equipped, regular military force state adversary.
Burmese languageTibeto-Burman languageA man speaking Burmese.Burmese is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Myanmar, where it is the official language, lingua franca, and the native language of the Bamar, the country's largest ethnic group. The Constitution of Myanmar officially refers to it as the Myanmar language in English, though most English speakers continue to refer to the language as Burmese, after Burma—a name with co-official status until 1989 (see Names of Myanmar).AbbreviationAn abbreviation (from Latin brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
People's Defence Force (Myanmar)The People's Defence Force is the armed wing of the National Unity Government (NUG) in Myanmar. The armed wing was formed by the NUG from youths and pro-democracy activists on 5 May 2021 in response to the coup d'état that occurred on 1 February 2021 that put the military junta and their armed wing, the Tatmadaw, in power. The military junta designated it as a terrorist organisation on 8 May 2021.
Pa'O Self-Administered ZoneThe Pa'O Self-Administered Zone (Burmese: ပအိုဝ်းကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ; paaow kopine aotehkyaote hkwng r days) also abbreviated as Pa'O SAZ, as stipulated by the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, is a self-administered zone consisting of three townships in Shan State. HistoryPa'O SAZ's official name was announced by decree on 20 August 2010.
Pa'O peopleThe Pa'O (Pa'o Karen: ပအိုဝ်ႏလိုꩻမျိုꩻ; Burmese: ပအိုဝ်းလူမျိုး, IPA: [pəo̰ lùmjóʊ], or တောင်သူ; Shan: ပဢူဝ်း; Eastern Poe Karen: တံင်သူ; S'gaw Karen: တီသူ; also spelt Pa-O or Paoh) are a Karenic language-speaking ethnic group primarily inhabiting eastern Myanmar, especially Shan State.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.