Bacterial phylaBacterial phyla constitute the major lineages of the domain Bacteria. While the exact definition of a bacterial phylum is debated, a popular definition is that a bacterial phylum is a monophyletic lineage of bacteria whose 16S rRNA genes share a pairwise sequence identity of ~75% or less with those of the members of other bacterial phyla. It has been estimated that ~1,300 bacterial phyla exist.Verrucomicrobiota
PlanctomycetotaThe Planctomycetota are a phylum of widely distributed bacteria, occurring in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. They play a considerable role in global carbon and nitrogen cycles, with many species of this phylum capable of anaerobic ammonium oxidation, also known as anammox. Many Planctomycetota occur in relatively high abundance as biofilms, often associating with other organisms such as macroalgae and marine sponges.
GracilicutesGracilicutes (Latin: gracilis, slender, and cutis, skin, referring to the cell wall) is a clade in bacterial phylogeny.ChlamydiotaLentisphaerota
BacteriaDomain of microorganismsSynonyms"Bacteria" (Cohn 1872) Cavalier-Smith 1983"Bacteria" Haeckel 1894"Bacteria" Cavalier-Smith 2002"Bacteriaceae" Cohn 1872a"Bacteriobionta" Möhn 1984"Bacteriophyta" Schussnig 1925"Eubacteria" Woese and Fox 1977"Neobacteria" Möhn 1984"Schizomycetaceae" de Toni and Trevisan 1889"Schizomycetes" Nägeli 1857Bacteria are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
PhylumIn biology, a phylum (, ; pl.: phyla) is a level of classification, or taxonomic rank, that is below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, the term division has been used in botany instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepts the terms as equivalent.
Cell wallA cell wall is a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found immediately outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. Primarily, it provides the cell with structural support, shape, protection, and functions as a selective barrier. Another vital role of the cell wall is to help the cell withstand osmotic pressure and mechanical stress. Cell walls are found in most prokaryotes, with the exception of mollicute bacteria.
PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan, murein or mucopeptide is a unique large macromolecule, a polysaccharide, consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer (sacculus) that surrounds the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. The sugar component consists of alternating residues of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM). Attached to the N-acetylmuramic acid is an oligopeptide chain made of three to five amino acids.Candidate phylumA candidate division, candidate phylum or candidate division-level is a lineage of prokaryotic organisms for which until recently no cultured representatives have been found, but evidence of the existence of the clade has been obtained by 16S rRNA and metagenomic analysis of environmental samples. The term Candidatus in fact means a taxon for which there is insufficient information to call it a new species according to the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria.
SymbiogenesisEvolutionary theoryIn the theory of symbiogenesis, a merger of an archaean and an aerobic bacterium some 2.2 Gya created the eukaryotes, with aerobic mitochondria; a second merger some 1.6 Gya added chloroplasts, creating the green plants.
EukaryoteThe eukaryotes () are cellular organisms of the domain Eukaryota or Eukarya, which have a distinct cell nucleus (formed by a nuclear membrane), membrane-bound organelles and organization supported by a cytoskeleton. Extant eukaryotes are traditionally grouped into four kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi and protists.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.