Classical Prose MovementThe Classical Prose Movement (Chinese: 古文運動; pinyin: gǔwén yùndòng), which emerged during Tang dynasty and the Song dynasty in China, advocated for clarity and precision in writing, as opposed to the florid pianwen (駢體文) or parallel prose style that had dominated since the Han dynasty. Parallel prose, characterized by rigid structure and use of rare words allusions to literary works or historical events, was criticized for prioritizing form over substance.
Eight Masters of the Tang and SongThe Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song (Chinese: 唐宋八大家; pinyin: Táng Sòng Bā Dàjiā) refers to a group of prominent prose writers during the Tang and Song dynasties. Nearly all of these masters were also accomplished in various aspects of politics and culture during their time. Two of the writers, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, were from the Tang dynasty, while the remaining six were from the Song dynasty.
Imperial examinationThe imperial examination (Chinese: 科舉) was a civil service examination system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy. The concept of choosing bureaucrats by merit rather than by birth started early in Chinese history, and the first earnest use of written examinations as a method of recruitment appeared under the Sui dynasty (581–618).
Tang dynastyImperial dynasty of China (618–907)CapitalChang'an(618–690, 705–904)Luoyang(904–907)Common languagesMiddle ChineseLiterary Chinese (official)Religion Majorities:Chinese BuddhismTaoismChinese folk religionMinorities:Nestorian ChristianityChinese ManichaeismZoroastrianismIslamGovernmentAbsolute monarchyEmperor • 618–626 (first) Emperor Gaozu• 626–649 Emperor Taizong• 712–756 Emperor Xuanzong• 904–907 (last) Emperor AiHistorical eraMedieval East Asia• EstablishedJune 18, 618• W…
Song dynastyImperial dynasty of China (960–1279)Chinese nameChinese宋朝
Art nameVietnamese nameVietnamese alphabettên hiệuHán-Nôm𠸛號Korean nameHangul호Hanja號Japanese nameKanaごう (modern usage)がう (historical usage)Kyūjitai號Shinjitai号An art name, also variously translated as a style name, pseudonym, or pen name and also known directly by its native names hào (in Mandarin Chinese), gō (in Japanese), ho (in Korean), and tên hiệu (in Vietnamese), is a professional name used by artists, poets, and writers in the Sinosphere.Traditional Chinese charactersTraditional Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets used to write the Chinese language, with the other being simplified characters. Traditional characters predominated in written Chinese, the historical lingua franca of East Asia, until the mid-20th century. Today, they are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, as well as in most overseas Chinese communities outside of Southeast Asia.
CalligraphyWriting as a visual artVarious examples of calligraphy in different languages and writing systems throughout historyCalligraphy (from Ancient Greek καλλιγραφία (kalligraphía) 'beautiful writing') is fine handwriting as a visual art. It involves the design and execution of lettering or characters using a pen, ink brush, or other writing instruments.
Courtesy nameA courtesy name (Chinese: 字; pinyin: zì; lit. 'character') is a name bestowed upon a person at adulthood in addition to their given name. This tradition is prevalent in the East Asian cultural sphere, particularly in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. A courtesy name is not to be confused with an art name, another frequently mentioned term for an alternative name in East Asia, which is closer to the concept of a pen name or a pseudonym.
EpigraphyThe Rosetta Stone in the British MuseumInscription on the pedestal of the statue of Michel Ney from ParisTamil inscription on Brihadeshwara temple, Thanjavur, IndiaTrilingual inscription of Xerxes I at Van Fortress in TurkeyEpigraphy (from Ancient Greek ἐπιγραφή (epigraphḗ) 'inscription') is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers.
Wade–GilesWade–Giles is a romanization system for the Mandarin Chinese language and the second most common transcription after Pinyin. Based on the Beijing dialect, Wade–Giles was developed from a system produced by Thomas Francis Wade during the mid-19th century, and was given completed form with Herbert Giles's A Chinese–English Dictionary (1892). It became the system of transcription familiar in the English-speaking world for most of the 20th century.
PinyinScheme for the Chinese Phonetic AlphabetSimplified ChineseTraditional ChineseLiteral meaningscheme of spelled Han language sounds This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see .
歐陽Related word or term.修Related word or term.欧阳Related word or term.
Eight Masters of the Tang and SongThe Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song (Chinese: 唐宋八大家; pinyin: Táng Sòng Bā Dàjiā) refers to a group of prominent prose writers during the Tang and Song dynasties. Nearly all of these masters were also accomplished in various aspects of politics and culture during their time. Two of the writers, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, were from the Tang dynasty, while the remaining six were from the Song dynasty.Imperial examinationThe imperial examination (Chinese: 科舉) was a civil service examination system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy. The concept of choosing bureaucrats by merit rather than by birth started early in Chinese history, and the first earnest use of written examinations as a method of recruitment appeared under the Sui dynasty (581–618).Tang dynastyImperial dynasty of China (618–907)CapitalChang'an(618–690, 705–904)Luoyang(904–907)Common languagesMiddle ChineseLiterary Chinese (official)Religion Majorities:Chinese BuddhismTaoismChinese folk religionMinorities:Nestorian ChristianityChinese ManichaeismZoroastrianismIslamGovernmentAbsolute monarchyEmperor • 618–626 (first) Emperor Gaozu• 626–649 Emperor Taizong• 712–756 Emperor Xuanzong• 904–907 (last) Emperor AiHistorical eraMedieval East Asia• EstablishedJune 18, 618• W…Song dynastyImperial dynasty of China (960–1279)Chinese nameChinese宋朝Art nameVietnamese nameVietnamese alphabettên hiệuHán-Nôm𠸛號Korean nameHangul호Hanja號Japanese nameKanaごう (modern usage)がう (historical usage)Kyūjitai號Shinjitai号An art name, also variously translated as a style name, pseudonym, or pen name and also known directly by its native names hào (in Mandarin Chinese), gō (in Japanese), ho (in Korean), and tên hiệu (in Vietnamese), is a professional name used by artists, poets, and writers in the Sinosphere.Traditional Chinese charactersTraditional Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets used to write the Chinese language, with the other being simplified characters. Traditional characters predominated in written Chinese, the historical lingua franca of East Asia, until the mid-20th century. Today, they are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, as well as in most overseas Chinese communities outside of Southeast Asia.CalligraphyWriting as a visual artVarious examples of calligraphy in different languages and writing systems throughout historyCalligraphy (from Ancient Greek καλλιγραφία (kalligraphía) 'beautiful writing') is fine handwriting as a visual art. It involves the design and execution of lettering or characters using a pen, ink brush, or other writing instruments.Courtesy nameA courtesy name (Chinese: 字; pinyin: zì; lit. 'character') is a name bestowed upon a person at adulthood in addition to their given name. This tradition is prevalent in the East Asian cultural sphere, particularly in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. A courtesy name is not to be confused with an art name, another frequently mentioned term for an alternative name in East Asia, which is closer to the concept of a pen name or a pseudonym.EpigraphyThe Rosetta Stone in the British MuseumInscription on the pedestal of the statue of Michel Ney from ParisTamil inscription on Brihadeshwara temple, Thanjavur, IndiaTrilingual inscription of Xerxes I at Van Fortress in TurkeyEpigraphy (from Ancient Greek ἐπιγραφή (epigraphḗ) 'inscription') is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers.Wade–GilesWade–Giles is a romanization system for the Mandarin Chinese language and the second most common transcription after Pinyin. Based on the Beijing dialect, Wade–Giles was developed from a system produced by Thomas Francis Wade during the mid-19th century, and was given completed form with Herbert Giles's A Chinese–English Dictionary (1892). It became the system of transcription familiar in the English-speaking world for most of the 20th century.PinyinScheme for the Chinese Phonetic AlphabetSimplified ChineseTraditional ChineseLiteral meaningscheme of spelled Han language sounds This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see .歐陽Related word or term.修Related word or term.欧阳Related word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.