Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire, also known historically as Turkey or the Turkish Empire, was a state that spanned much of Southeastern Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th century to the early 20th century, centred in modern-day Turkey. It also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Decline and modernization of the Ottoman EmpireIn the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire faced threats on numerous frontiers from multiple industrialised European powers as well as internal instabilities. Outsider influence, internal corruption and the rise of nationalism demanded the Empire to look within itself and modernize.
Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1560)BelligerentsPortuguese EmpireKingdom of HormuzSupported by:Ethiopian EmpireKathiri SultanateOttoman EmpireSupported by:Adal SultanateGujarat SultanateBaloch TribeCommanders and leadersEstêvão da GamaCristóvão da Gama António da SilveiraDiogo de NoronhaAntónio de NoronhaJoão de Castro Álvaro de Castro Fernando de MenesesDawit II of EthiopiaGelawdewos of EthiopiaSuleiman PashaPiri ReisSeydi Ali ReisSefer ReisMurat Reis Mustafa Pasha †Khadjar Safar†Ahmad al-Ghazi†Barakat ibn Umar Din†Nur ibn MujahidJalal AldinThe Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (Portuguese: Guerra Turco-Portuguesa, Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu-Portekiz İmparatorluğu çekişmesi, 1538–60) also known as the Ottoman–Portuguese War, were a period of conflict during the Ottoman–Portuguese confrontations and series of armed military encounters between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire along with regional allies in and along the Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea.
Turkish languageTurkish (Türkçe [ˈtyɾctʃɛ], Türk dili [ˈtyɾc dilɪ], also known as Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and one of two official languages of Cyprus.Ottoman expeditions to AcehThe Ottoman expeditions to Aceh were dispatched in 1566 and the following years by the Ottoman Empire in support of the Aceh Sultanate in its fight against the Portuguese Empire in Malacca. The Ottomans primarily helped the Acehnese produce cannons, but there are some signs of military support as late as 1585.
Atlantic OceanOceanic divisionThis video was taken by the crew of on board the ISS. The pass starts from just northeast of the island of Newfoundland over the North Atlantic Ocean to central Africa, over South Sudan.The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about 85,133,000 square kilometers (32,870,000 sq mi). It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area.
KaramürselKaramürsel is a municipality and district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Its area is 262 km2, and its population is 59,676 (2022). It is on the south coast of the Gulf of Izmit. Before its conquest by the Ottomans it used to be called by the Greek name of Praenetos (Πραινετός in Greek). The modern name commemorates Kara Mürsel Bey who founded the Ottoman Navy and designed distinctive galley ships, called kadırgas, for it.
List of Ottoman conquests, sieges and landingsThe following is a list of Ottoman sieges and landings from the late 1200s to World War I.
Fall of ConstantinopleBelligerentsOttoman EmpireSerbian DespotateByzantine EmpireRepublic of GenoaRepublic of VenicePapal StatesCrown of AragonKingdom of SicilyKingdom of FranceVarangian GuardOrhan Çelebi loyalistsCommanders and leadersMehmed IIHalil PashaZagan PashaSuleiman Baltoghlu (WIA)Karaca PashaHamza BeyMahmud PashaUlubatlı Hasan†Hadım ŞehabeddinConstantine XI†Loukas NotarasTheophilos Palaiologos†Demetrios KantakouzenosAndronikos KantakouzenosGiovanni Giustiniani (DOW)Gabriele Trevisano(POW)Alviso Diedo (WIA)Gabriele Orsini del Balzo†Cardinal Isidore(POW)Johannes Grant†Orhan ÇelebiStrengthLand forces: 100,000 soldiers in total, including:75,000 regulars20,000 irregulars5,000 JanissariesNaval forces:31 galleys95 large row boatsUnknown but large amount of Non-combatantsLand forces: Less than 8,000 soldiers in total, including:5,000 Byzantine soldiers2,000 Western soldiers600 Orhan Çelebi loyalists200 Catalan retinue200 Cretan archersNaval forces:26 ships10 Byzantine8 Venetian5 Genoese1 Catalan1 Anconitan1 ProvençalCasualties and losses Heavy Heavy 4,000 Byzantine civilians killed550+ Venetian civilians killed30,000 enslaved or soldConstantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, was captured by the Ottoman Empire on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a 53-day siege which had begun on 6 April.
Ottoman TurkishStandardized register of Turkish in the Ottoman Empire Ottoman TurkishTurkiلسان عثمانی Lisân-ı Osmânîتركی Türkî / تركجه TürkçeOttoman Turkish written in Nastaliq style(لسان عثمانی)RegionOttoman EmpireEthnicityOttoman TurksErac.
NavyA navy, naval force, military maritime fleet, war navy, or maritime force is the branch of a state's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields.
ShipyardA shipyard, also called a dockyard or boatyard, is a place where ships are built and repaired. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Compared to shipyards, which are sometimes more involved with original construction, dockyards are sometimes more linked with maintenance and basing activities.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.