1941 Iraqi coup d'étatBelligerentsIraqGolden SquareCommanders and leaders'Abd al-IlahRegent of IraqTaha al-HashimiPrime Minister of IraqRashid Ali al-GaylaniSalah al-Din al-Sabbagh3rd Division CommanderKamil Shabib1st Division CommanderFahmi Said Independent Mechanized Brigade CommanderMahmud SalmanChief of the Air ForceUnits involved Royal Guard3rd Infantry Division1st Infantry DivisionIndependent Mechanized BrigadeThe 1941 Iraqi coup d'état (Arabic: ثورة رشيد علي الكيلاني, Thawrah Rašīd ʿAlī al-Kaylānī), a...
Kingdom of IraqToday part ofIraqThe Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq was the Iraqi state located in the Middle East from 1932 to 1958. It was founded on 23 August 1921 as the Kingdom of Iraq, following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the Mesopotamian campaign of the First World War. Although a League of Nations mandate was awarded to the United Kingdom in 1920, the 1920 Iraqi revolt resulted in the scrapping of the original mandate plan in favour of a formally sovereign Iraqi kingdom, but one that was under effective British admi...
Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930The Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930 was a treaty of alliance between the United Kingdom and the British-Mandate-controlled administration of the HashemiteKingdom of Iraq. The treaty was between Kings George V of the United Kingdom and Faisal I of Iraq. High Commissioner Francis Humphrys signed for the United Kingdom and Prime MinisterNuri as-Said signed for Iraq. The 1930 treaty was based upon the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1922 but took into account Iraq's increased importance to British interests after oil was found in ...
Anglo-Iraqi WarBelligerentsUnited KingdomIndiaIraq LeviesMandatory PalestineTransjordan Iraq (Abd Al-Ilah loyalists)Air and naval support:AustraliaNew ZealandGreeceIraq (Golden Square)Military support:GermanyItalyVichy FranceCommanders and leadersClaude AuchinleckArchibald WavellEdward QuinanWilliam FraserWilliam SlimH. G. SmartOuvry RobertsJohn D'AlbiacRashid Ali al-GaylaniSalah al-SabbaghKamil ShabibFahmi SaidMahmud SalmanFawzi al-QawuqjiAmin al-Husseini(foreign air support)Werner JunckStrength 1 infantry division2 brigade g...
Mandatory IraqToday part ofIraqSaudi ArabiaThe Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration, or Mandatory Iraq (Arabic: الانتداب البريطاني على العراق, romanized: al-Intidāb al-Brīṭānī ʿalā l-ʿIrāq), was created in 1921 after the 1920 Iraqi Revolt against the proposed British Mandate of Mesopotamia and was enacted via the 1922 Anglo-Iraqi Treaty and a 1924 undertaking by the United Kingdom to the League of Nations to fulfil the role as mandatory power. Faisal ibn Husayn, who had been proclai...
Prime Minister of IraqThe prime minister of the Republic of Iraq is the foremost executive of the Iraqi government and the commander-in-chief of the Iraqi Armed Forces. The premier is responsible for the general policy of the state and directs the Council of Ministers, with the power to dismiss and name any senior executive, including ministers and generals. In addition to the MoD armed forces, the premier has direct authority over all of those intelligence and security agencies under the jurisdiction of the Office of the Commander i...
IraqIraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, historically known in the west as Mesopotamia, is a country in West Asia. Located within the Middle East, it is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south, Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and Kuwait to the southeast, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. The country covers an area of 438,317 square kilometres (169,235 sq mi) and has a population of over 46 million, making it the 58th largest country by area and the 31st most populous in the worl...
Iraqi nationalismIraqi nationalism is a form of nationalism that involves the recognition of an Iraqi identity stemming from ancient Mesopotamia including its civilizations and empires of Sumer, Akkad, Babylon and Assyria and influenced Iraq's movement for independence from Ottoman and from British occupation and was an important factor in the 1920 Revolution against the British and the 1958 Revolution against the British-installed Hashemite monarchy.
Central Treaty OrganizationThe Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), formerly known as the Middle East Treaty Organization (METO) and also known as the Baghdad Pact, was a military alliance of the Cold War. It was formed on 24 February 1955 by Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. The alliance was dissolved on 16 March 1979. U.S. pressure and promises of military and economic aid were key in the negotiations leading to the agreement, but the United States could not initially participate. John Foster Dulles, who was involved...
League of Nations^ League of Nations headquarters were based from 1 November 1920 in the Palais Wilson in Geneva, Switzerland, and from 17 February 1936 in the purpose built Palace of Nations, also in Geneva.^ The League selected English, French, and Spanish as official languages and English and French as working languages.The League of Nations (LN or LoN; French: Société des Nations, SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 19...
Iraq Petroleum CompanyThe Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), formerly known as the Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC), is an oil company that had a virtual monopoly on all oil exploration and production in Iraq between 1925 and 1961. It was jointly owned by some of the world's largest oil companies and headquartered in London, England. In June 1972, the Ba'athist government in Iraq nationalized the IPC, and its operations were taken over by the Iraq National Oil Company. The company "Iraq Petroleum Company" still remains extant, although onl...
ConservatismConservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in which it appears. In Western culture, depending on the particular nation and the particular time period, conservatives seek to promote and preserve a range of institutions, such as the nuclear family, organized religion, the military, the nation-state, constitution, pro...
Romanization of ArabicThe romanization of Arabic is the systematic rendering of written and spokenArabic in the Latin script. Romanized Arabic is used for various purposes, among them transcription of names and titles, cataloging Arabic language works, language education when used instead of or alongside the Arabic script, and representation of the language in scientific publications by linguists. These formal systems, which often make use of diacritics and non-standard Latin characters, are used in academic settings for the benefit ...*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.