Importin αImportin alpha, or karyopherin alpha refers to a class of adaptor proteins that are involved in the import of proteins into the cell nucleus. They are a sub-family of karyopherin proteins. Importin α is known to bind to the nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence of nucleus targeted proteins. After this recognition, importin α links the protein to importin β, which transports the NLS-containing protein across the nuclear envelope to its destination.
Nuclear transportNuclear transport refers to the mechanisms by which molecules move across the nuclear membrane of a cell'snucleus. The entry and exit of large molecules from the nucleus is tightly controlled by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs).ImportinImportin is a type of karyopherin involved in the nuclear transport of moving protein molecules from a cell's cytoplasm to the nucleus. It does so by binding to specific recognition sequences, called nuclear localization sequences (NLS). Importin has two subunits, importin α and importin β. Members of the importin-β family can bind and transport cargo by themselves, or can form heterodimers with importin-α.Nuclear export signalA nuclear export signal (NES) is a short target peptide containing 4 hydrophobic residues in a protein that targets it for export from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex using nuclear transport. It has the opposite effect of a nuclear localization signal, which targets a protein located in the cytoplasm for import to the nucleus. The NES is recognized and bound by exportins. NESs serve several vital cellular functions.
NucleoplasminNucleoplasmin (NPM2), the first identified molecular chaperone, is a thermostableacidicprotein with a pentameric structure. The protein was first isolated from Xenopusspecies, and is now recognized as a highly conserved histone chaperone found across animals and other eukaryotes. FamilyThe nucleoplasmin/nucleophosmin (NPM) protein family comprises Nucleophosmin (NPM1), Nucleoplasmin 2 (NPM2), Nucleoplasmin 3 (NPM3), and nucleoplasmin-like proteins (NLP).
Cell nucleusOrganelle in eukaryotic cellsHeLa cells stained for nuclear DNA with the blue fluorescentHoechst dye. The central and rightmost cells are in interphase, thus their entire nuclei are labeled. On the left, a cell is going through mitosis and its DNA has condensed.The cell nucleus (from Latin nucleus or nuculeus 'kernel, seed'; pl.: nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
Sequence motifNucleotide or amino-acid sequence pattern A DNA sequence motif represented as a sequence logo for the LexA-binding motif. In biology, a sequence motif is a nucleotide or amino-acid sequence pattern that is widespread and usually assumed to be related to biological function of the macromolecule. For example, an N-glycosylation site motif can be defined as Asn, followed by anything but Pro, followed by either Ser or Thr, followed by anything but Pro residue.
Amino acidOrganic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groupsStructure of a typical L-alpha-amino acid in the "neutral" formAmino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acidfunctional groups. Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life.
Ran (protein)More reference expression dataBioGPSEnsemblUniProtRefSeq (mRNA)RefSeq (protein)Location (UCSC)Chr 12: 130.87 – 130.88 MbChr 5: 129.1 – 129.1 MbPubMed searchWikidataRan (RAs-related Nuclear protein) also known as GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAN gene. Ran is a small 25 kDa protein that is involved in transport into and out of the cell nucleus during interphase and also involved in mitosis.
LysineAmino acidNames IUPAC nameLysineSystematic IUPAC name2,6-Diaminohexanoic acidOther names Lysine, D-lysine, L-lysine, LYS, h-Lys-OHIdentifiers CAS Number70-54-2 DL56-87-1 L923-27-3 D3D model (JSmol)Interactive imageZwitterion: Interactive imageProtonated zwitterion: Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:25094ChEMBLChEMBL28328ChemSpider8435747 LECHA InfoCard100.000.673IUPHAR/BPS724KEGGC16440PubChemCID866UNIIAI4RT59273 DLK3Z4F929H6 L3HQ6U6424Q DCompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID90859004InChIInChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10)Key: KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/C6H14N2O2/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10)Key: KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYAYSMILESC(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NZwitterion: C(CC[NH3+])C[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])NProtonated zwitterion: C(CC[NH3+])C[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])[NH3+]Properties Chemical formulaC6H14N2O2Molar mass146.190 g·mol Solubility in water1.5 kg/L Pharmacology ATC codeB05XB03 (WHO) Supplementary data page Lysine (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Chemical compoundLysine ball and stick model spinningLysine (symbol Lys or K; also L-lysine) is an α-amino acid that is a precursor to many proteins.
SV40 large T antigenSV40 large T antigen (Simian virus 40 TAg) is a hexamer protein that is a dominant-acting oncoprotein derived from the polyomavirusSV40. TAg is capable of inducing malignant transformation of a variety of cell types. The transforming activity of TAg is due in large part to its perturbation of the retinoblastoma (pRb) and p53 tumor suppressor proteins.
ArginineNames IUPAC namesArginineSystematic IUPAC name2-Amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acidIdentifiers CAS NumberL: 74-79-3D/L: 7200-25-1D: 157-06-2L HCl: 1119-34-23D model (JSmol)L: Interactive imageD: Interactive imageL HCl: Interactive imageL Zwitterion: Interactive imageBeilstein Reference1725411, 1725412 D, 1725413 LChEBIL: CHEBI:29016ChEMBLL: ChEMBL1485D: ChEMBL212301ChemSpiderL: 6082D/L: 227D: 64224DrugBankL: DB00125ECHA InfoCard100.000.738EC NumberL: 230-571-3Gmelin Reference364938 DIUPHAR/BPSL: 721KEGGL: C02385MeSHArgininePubChemCIDL: 6322D/L: 232D: 71070RTECS numberL: CF1934200 LUNIIL: 94ZLA3W45FD/L: FL26NTK3EPD: R54Z304Z7CL HCl: F7LTH1E20YCompTox Dashboard(EPA)L: DTXSID6041056InChIInChI=1S/C6H14N4O2/c7-4(5(11)12)2-1-3-10-6(8)9/h4H,1-3,7H2,(H,11,12)(H4,8,9,10)/t4-/m0/s1Key: ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-ND/L: Key: ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-ND: Key: ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-SCSAIBSYSA-NSMILESL: C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)CNC(=N)ND/L: C(CC(C(=O)O)N)CNC(=N)ND: C(C[C@H](C(=O)O)N)CNC(=N)NL HCl: [Cl-].NC(CCCNC(N)=[NH2+])C([O-])=OL Zwitterion: NC(CCCNC(N)=[NH2+])C([O-])=OProperties Chemical formulaC6H14N4O2Molar mass174.204 g·mol Appearance White crystals OdorOdourless Melting point260 °C; 500 °F; 533 K Boiling point368 °C (694 °F; 641 K) Solubility in water14.87 g/100 mL (20 °C) Solubilityslightly soluble in ethanolinsoluble in ethyl etherlog P−1.652 Acidity (pKa) 2.18 (carboxyl), 9.09 (amino), 13.8 (guanidino) Thermochemistry Heat capacity(C)232.8 J K mol (at 23.7 °C) Std molarentropy(S298)250.6 J K mol Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)−624.9–−622.3 kJ mol Std enthalpy ofcombustion(ΔcH298)−3.7396–−3.7370 MJ mol Pharmacology ATC codeB05XB01 (WHO) SHazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordWarningHazard statementsH319Precautionary statementsP305+P351+P338Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)5110 mg/kg (rat, oral) Safety data sheet (SDS) L-ArginineRelated compounds Related alkanoic acidsN-Methyl-D-aspartic acidbeta-Methylamino-L-alanineGuanidinopropionic acidTheaninePantothenic acidRelated compoundsPanthenolSupplementary data page Arginine (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H. The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework.
Nuclear transportNuclear transport refers to the mechanisms by which molecules move across the nuclear membrane of a cell'snucleus. The entry and exit of large molecules from the nucleus is tightly controlled by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs).ImportinImportin is a type of karyopherin involved in the nuclear transport of moving protein molecules from a cell's cytoplasm to the nucleus. It does so by binding to specific recognition sequences, called nuclear localization sequences (NLS). Importin has two subunits, importin α and importin β. Members of the importin-β family can bind and transport cargo by themselves, or can form heterodimers with importin-α.Nuclear export signalA nuclear export signal (NES) is a short target peptide containing 4 hydrophobic residues in a protein that targets it for export from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex using nuclear transport. It has the opposite effect of a nuclear localization signal, which targets a protein located in the cytoplasm for import to the nucleus. The NES is recognized and bound by exportins. NESs serve several vital cellular functions.NucleoplasminNucleoplasmin (NPM2), the first identified molecular chaperone, is a thermostableacidicprotein with a pentameric structure. The protein was first isolated from Xenopusspecies, and is now recognized as a highly conserved histone chaperone found across animals and other eukaryotes. FamilyThe nucleoplasmin/nucleophosmin (NPM) protein family comprises Nucleophosmin (NPM1), Nucleoplasmin 2 (NPM2), Nucleoplasmin 3 (NPM3), and nucleoplasmin-like proteins (NLP).Cell nucleusOrganelle in eukaryotic cellsHeLa cells stained for nuclear DNA with the blue fluorescentHoechst dye. The central and rightmost cells are in interphase, thus their entire nuclei are labeled. On the left, a cell is going through mitosis and its DNA has condensed.The cell nucleus (from Latin nucleus or nuculeus 'kernel, seed'; pl.: nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.Sequence motifNucleotide or amino-acid sequence pattern A DNA sequence motif represented as a sequence logo for the LexA-binding motif. In biology, a sequence motif is a nucleotide or amino-acid sequence pattern that is widespread and usually assumed to be related to biological function of the macromolecule. For example, an N-glycosylation site motif can be defined as Asn, followed by anything but Pro, followed by either Ser or Thr, followed by anything but Pro residue.Amino acidOrganic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groupsStructure of a typical L-alpha-amino acid in the "neutral" formAmino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acidfunctional groups. Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life.Ran (protein)More reference expression dataBioGPSEnsemblUniProtRefSeq (mRNA)RefSeq (protein)Location (UCSC)Chr 12: 130.87 – 130.88 MbChr 5: 129.1 – 129.1 MbPubMed searchWikidataRan (RAs-related Nuclear protein) also known as GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAN gene. Ran is a small 25 kDa protein that is involved in transport into and out of the cell nucleus during interphase and also involved in mitosis.LysineAmino acidNames IUPAC nameLysineSystematic IUPAC name2,6-Diaminohexanoic acidOther names Lysine, D-lysine, L-lysine, LYS, h-Lys-OHIdentifiers CAS Number70-54-2 DL56-87-1 L923-27-3 D3D model (JSmol)Interactive imageZwitterion: Interactive imageProtonated zwitterion: Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:25094ChEMBLChEMBL28328ChemSpider8435747 LECHA InfoCard100.000.673IUPHAR/BPS724KEGGC16440PubChemCID866UNIIAI4RT59273 DLK3Z4F929H6 L3HQ6U6424Q DCompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID90859004InChIInChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10)Key: KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/C6H14N2O2/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10)Key: KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYAYSMILESC(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NZwitterion: C(CC[NH3+])C[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])NProtonated zwitterion: C(CC[NH3+])C[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])[NH3+]Properties Chemical formulaC6H14N2O2Molar mass146.190 g·mol Solubility in water1.5 kg/L Pharmacology ATC codeB05XB03 (WHO) Supplementary data page Lysine (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Chemical compoundLysine ball and stick model spinningLysine (symbol Lys or K; also L-lysine) is an α-amino acid that is a precursor to many proteins.SV40 large T antigenSV40 large T antigen (Simian virus 40 TAg) is a hexamer protein that is a dominant-acting oncoprotein derived from the polyomavirusSV40. TAg is capable of inducing malignant transformation of a variety of cell types. The transforming activity of TAg is due in large part to its perturbation of the retinoblastoma (pRb) and p53 tumor suppressor proteins.ArginineNames IUPAC namesArginineSystematic IUPAC name2-Amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acidIdentifiers CAS NumberL: 74-79-3D/L: 7200-25-1D: 157-06-2L HCl: 1119-34-23D model (JSmol)L: Interactive imageD: Interactive imageL HCl: Interactive imageL Zwitterion: Interactive imageBeilstein Reference1725411, 1725412 D, 1725413 LChEBIL: CHEBI:29016ChEMBLL: ChEMBL1485D: ChEMBL212301ChemSpiderL: 6082D/L: 227D: 64224DrugBankL: DB00125ECHA InfoCard100.000.738EC NumberL: 230-571-3Gmelin Reference364938 DIUPHAR/BPSL: 721KEGGL: C02385MeSHArgininePubChemCIDL: 6322D/L: 232D: 71070RTECS numberL: CF1934200 LUNIIL: 94ZLA3W45FD/L: FL26NTK3EPD: R54Z304Z7CL HCl: F7LTH1E20YCompTox Dashboard(EPA)L: DTXSID6041056InChIInChI=1S/C6H14N4O2/c7-4(5(11)12)2-1-3-10-6(8)9/h4H,1-3,7H2,(H,11,12)(H4,8,9,10)/t4-/m0/s1Key: ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-ND/L: Key: ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-ND: Key: ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-SCSAIBSYSA-NSMILESL: C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)CNC(=N)ND/L: C(CC(C(=O)O)N)CNC(=N)ND: C(C[C@H](C(=O)O)N)CNC(=N)NL HCl: [Cl-].NC(CCCNC(N)=[NH2+])C([O-])=OL Zwitterion: NC(CCCNC(N)=[NH2+])C([O-])=OProperties Chemical formulaC6H14N4O2Molar mass174.204 g·mol Appearance White crystals OdorOdourless Melting point260 °C; 500 °F; 533 K Boiling point368 °C (694 °F; 641 K) Solubility in water14.87 g/100 mL (20 °C) Solubilityslightly soluble in ethanolinsoluble in ethyl etherlog P−1.652 Acidity (pKa) 2.18 (carboxyl), 9.09 (amino), 13.8 (guanidino) Thermochemistry Heat capacity(C)232.8 J K mol (at 23.7 °C) Std molarentropy(S298)250.6 J K mol Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)−624.9–−622.3 kJ mol Std enthalpy ofcombustion(ΔcH298)−3.7396–−3.7370 MJ mol Pharmacology ATC codeB05XB01 (WHO) SHazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordWarningHazard statementsH319Precautionary statementsP305+P351+P338Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)5110 mg/kg (rat, oral) Safety data sheet (SDS) L-ArginineRelated compounds Related alkanoic acidsN-Methyl-D-aspartic acidbeta-Methylamino-L-alanineGuanidinopropionic acidTheaninePantothenic acidRelated compoundsPanthenolSupplementary data page Arginine (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H. The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.