Renal colicRenal colic (literally, kidney pain), also known as ureteric colic (literally, pain in the ureters), is characterized by severe abdominal pain that is spasmodic in nature. This pain is primarily caused by an obstruction of one or both ureters from dislodged kidney stones. The most frequent site of obstruction is at the vesico-ureteric junction (VUJ), the narrowest point of the upper urinary tract.
Calcium supplementCalcium supplements are salts of calcium used in a number of conditions. Supplementation is generally only required when there is not enough calcium in the diet. By mouth they are used to treat and prevent low blood calcium, osteoporosis, and rickets. By injection into a vein they are used for low blood calcium that is resulting in muscle spasms and for high blood potassium or magnesium toxicity. Common side effects include constipation and nausea.
UreterThe ureters are tubes composed of smooth muscle that transports urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In adult humans, the ureters are typically 20–30 centimeters long and 3–4 millimeters in diameter. They are lined with urothelial cells, a form of transitional epithelium, and feature an extra layer of smooth muscle in the lower third to aid peristalsis. The ureters can be affected by diseases including urinary tract infections and kidney stones.
KidneyIn humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation. They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about 12 centimetres (4+1⁄2 inches) in length. They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blood exits into the paired renal veins.
HydronephrosisHydronephrosis is a medical condition where the kidney becomes enlarged due to a complete or partial obstruction in the outflow of urine. This results in the dilation of parts of the kidney that function to collect urine (renal pelvis and calyces). Hydronephrosis can affect one or both kidneys and can develop suddenly or gradually over time. This condition affects individuals of all ages including in fetuses during pregnancy.CrystallopathyCrystallopathy is a harmful state or disease associated with the formation and aggregation of crystals in tissues or cavities, or in other words, a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by intrinsic or environmental microparticles or crystals, promoting tissue inflammation and scarring.
HematuriaHematuria or haematuria is defined as the presence of blood or red blood cells in the urine. "Gross hematuria" occurs when urine appears red, brown, or tea-colored due to the presence of blood. Hematuria may also be subtle and only detectable with a microscope or laboratory test. Blood that enters and mixes with the urine can come from any location within the urinary system, including the kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, and in men, the prostate.
ObesityMedical condition of excess body fatMedical conditionObesity is a medical condition, considered a disease by multiple organizations, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can have negative effects on health. People are classified as obese when their body mass index (BMI)—a person's weight divided by the square of the person's height—is over 30 kg/m; the range 25–30 kg/m is defined as overweight.
DysuriaDysuria is a painful or otherwise uncomfortable sensation in the urethra associated with urination. It can be caused by various conditions, such as urinary tract infections. It is one of a constellation of irritative bladder symptoms (also sometimes referred to as lower urinary tract symptoms), which includes nocturia and urinary frequency. DiagnosisThe clinician should also look for physical findings of fever, rash, direct tenderness over the bladder area, and joint pain.
VomitingVomiting (scientifically known as emesis, and otherwise known as puking, and throwing up) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. The vomited contents are known as vomit or vomitus.
Urinary systemThe urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, is a part of the excretory system of vertebrates. In humans and placental mammals, it consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate urine from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH.
GeneticsScience of genes, heredity and variationGenetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and in organisms. It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a MoravianAugustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time.
Special:Search/soluteRelated word or term.nephro-Related word or term.-lithRelated word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.