NapoleonEmperor of the French (1804–1814; 1815)BornNapoleone di Buonaparte(1769-08-15)15 August 1769Ajaccio, Corsica, FranceDied5 May 1821(1821-05-05) (aged 51)Longwood, Saint HelenaBurial15 December 1840Les Invalides, Paris, FranceSpousesJoséphine de Beauharnais (m. 1796; ann. 1810)Marie Louise of Austria (m. 1810; sep.
Hundred DaysBelligerentsUnited KingdomPrussiaAustriaNetherlandsHanoverKingdom of FranceBrunswickWürttembergNassauTuscanyRussiaSardiniaSwitzerlandFranceNaples(Until May 20th)Commanders and leadersPrince Regent GeorgeRobert JenkinsonArthur WellesleyHudson LoweFrederick William IIIGebhard Leberecht von BlücherArchduke CharlesKarl von SchwarzenbergFrederick BianchiJohann FrimontWilliam IWilliam, Prince of OrangeLouis XVIIICharles AutichampAlexander IMichael de TollyNapoleon I(Until 22nd June)Louis-Nicolas DavoutMichel NeyEmmanuel de GrouchyLouis-Gabriel SuchetJean-de-Dieu SoultGuillaume BruneJean RappBertrand ClauzelCharles DecaenJean Maximilien LamarqueClaude LecourbeJoachim Murat(Until May 20th)Units involvedHundred Days order of battleStrength 800,000–1,000,000 280,000Casualties and losses Unknown number of casualties c. 40,000 total military dead14,700 killed39,500 wounded (including died of wounds) c. 20,000 killed, wounded, or captured See military mobilisation during the Hundred DaysThe Hundred Days (French: les Cent-JoursIPA:) marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 110 days).
Battle of WaterlooBelligerentsFranceUnited KingdomPrussiaNetherlandsHanoverNassauBrunswickCommanders and leadersNapoleon BonaparteMichel NeyJean-de-Dieu SoultJean-Baptiste DrouetHonoré Charles ReilleGeorges MoutonFrançois de KellermannÉdouard MilhaudDuke of WellingtonEarl of Uxbridge (WIA)Rowland HillThomas Picton†William, Prince of Orange (WIA)Gebhard von BlücherAugust von GneisenauGraf von ZietenLudwig von PirchFriedrich von BülowUnits involvedArmy of the NorthI CorpsII CorpsVI CorpsIII Cavalry CorpsIV Cavalry CorpsImperial GuardWellington's ArmyI CorpsII Corps Cavalry Corps Anglo-Allied ReservesBlücher's Army I Corps II Corps IV CorpsStrength 72,000–73,00048,950 to 50,600 infantrymen14,390 to 15,765 cavalrymen8,050 gunners and engineers7,232 gunners • 246–252 gunsTotal: 118,000–120,000 91,000 infantrymen21,500 cavalrymen7,500 gunners • 282–288 gunsWellington's army: approx. 68,000 soldiers 31,000 17,000 11,000 6,000 3,000 • 156 gunsBlücher's army: approx. 50,000 soldiers • 126 gunsCasualties and losses 26,000–27,000 • 25,000 killed or wounded • 8,000 captured (including 6–7,000 wounded)15,000 deserted after the battle 220 guns lostTotal: 24,000Wellington's army:17,000 • 3,500 killed • 10,200 wounded • 3,300 missingBlücher's army: 6,604–7,000 • 1,144–1,200 killed • 4,155–4,400 wounded • 1,305–1,400 missingBoth sides: ≥7,000 horses dead or woundedThe Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815, near Waterloo (then in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, now in Belgium), being the last engagement with Napoleon I. The French Imperial Army under the command of Napoleon I was defeated by two armies of the Seventh Coalition.
French DirectoryExecutive power of the French Constitution of 1795–1799
History of FrancePart of a series on the History of France Timeline Ancient Prehistory Greek colonies 600 BC – 49 BC Celtic Gaul until 50 BC Roman Gaul 50 BC – 486 AD Middle Ages Francia and the Frankish settlement Merovingians 481–751 Carolingians 751–987 West Francia 843–987 Kingdom of France 987–1792 Direct Capetians 987–1328 Valois 1328–1498 Early modernAncien Régime Valois-Orléans kings 1498–1515 Valois-Angoulême kings 1515–1589 Bourbon kings 1589–1792 Régence 1715–1723 Long 19th century French Revolution 1789–1799 Kingdom of France 1791–1792 First Republic 1792–1804 First Empire 1804–1814 Restoration 1814–1830 July Monarchy 1830–1848 Second Republic 1848–1852 Second Empire 1852–1870 Third Republic 1870–1940 Belle Époque 1871–1914 20th century Third Republic 1870–1940 Interwar period 1919–1939 Années folles 1920–1929 Free FranceVichy France 1940–1944 Provisional Republic 1944–1946 Fourth Republic 1946–1958 Fifth Republic 1958–present Topics Diplomacy Economy Health care Law LGBTQ Medicine Military Monarchs Consorts Politics Religion Taxation Territory France portal History portalvte The first written records for the history of France appeared in the Iron Age.
French ConsulateGovernment of France from 1799 to 1804 French Consulate Consulat françaisExecutive government of the French First Republic1856 painting of Second Consul Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès, First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and Third Consul Charles-François Lebrun (left to right)HistoryEstablished9 November 1799Disbanded18 May 1804Preceded byFrench DirectorySucceeded byFirst French Empire Part of a series on the History of France Timeline Ancient Prehistory Greek colonies 600 BC – 49 BC Celtic Gaul until 50 BC Roman Gaul 50 BC – 486 AD Middle Ages Francia and the Frankish settlement Merovingians 481–751 Carolingians 751–987 West Francia 843–987 Kingdom of France 987–1792 Direct Capetians 987–1328 Valois 1328–1498 Early modernAncien Régime Valois-Orléans kings 1498–1515 Valois-Angoulême kings 1515–1589 Bourbon kings 1589–1792 Régence 1715–1723 Long 19th century French Revolution 1789–1799 Kingdom of France 1791–1792 First Republic 1792–1804 First Empire 1804–1814 Restoration 1814–1830 July Monarchy 1830–1848 Second Republic 1848–1852 Second Empire 1852–1870 Third Republic 1870–1940 Belle Époque 1871–1914 20th century Third Republic 1870–1940 Interwar period 1919–1939 Années folles 1920–1929 Free FranceVichy France 1940–1944 Provisional Republic 1944–1946 Fourth Republic 1946–1958 Fifth Republic 1958–present Topics Diplomacy Economy Health care Law LGBTQ Medicine Military Monarchs Consorts Politics Religion Taxation Territory France portal History portalvte The Consulate (French: Consulat) was the top-level government of the First French Republic from the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799 until the start of the French Empire on 18 May 1804.
French Revolution1789–1799 sociopolitical change in FranceThe French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the Coup of 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799. Many of the revolution's ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, and its values remain central to modern French political discourse.History of EuropeThe history of Europe can be traced back to the appearance of the first modern humans identified as ancestors of contemporary Europeans about 37,000 years ago during the Paleolithic. Early European Farmers migrating from Anatolia spread agriculture across the continent during the Neolithic (7000–2000 BC), a period that also included early metallurgy. Starting around 4000 BC, westward migrations of steppe pastoralists spread Indo-European languages.
Legislative Assembly (France)The Legislative Assembly (French: Assemblée législative, ) was the legislature of the Kingdom of France from 1 October 1791 to 20 September 1792 during the years of the French Revolution. It provided the focus of political debate and revolutionary law-making between the periods of the National Constituent Assembly and National Convention.
National Assembly (French Revolution)During the French Revolution, the National Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale, [asɑ̃ble nɑsjɔnal] ), which existed from 17 June 1789 to 9 July 1789, was a revolutionary assembly of the Kingdom of France formed by the representatives of the Third Estate (commoners) of the Estates-General and eventually joined by some members of the First and Second Estates.
Coup d'étatA coup d'état (, ; French:; lit.'stroke of state'), or simply a coup (, ), is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent person or leadership. A self-coup is said to take place when a leader, having come to power through legal means, tries to stay in power through illegal means. By one estimate, there were 457 coup attempts from 1950 to 2010, half of which were successful.
Coup of 18 BrumaireThe Coup of 18 Brumaire (French: Coup d'État du 18 Brumaire) brought Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of the French First Republic. In the view of most historians, it ended the French Revolution and would soon lead to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French. This bloodless coup d'état overthrew the Directory, replacing it with the French Consulate.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.