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Municipal governance in India

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In India, the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), also called municipalities, are self-government institutions responsible for the administration of cities, towns, and transitional areas within a state or Union Territory. The 74th amendment to the Constitution of India in 1992 provided constitutional framework for the establishment of Urban Local Bodies.

Municipal council (India)Municipal council (India)In India, a municipal council, also known as municipality, nagar palika, nagar palika parishad,nagar parisad or nagar sabha, is a self-governing Urban Local Body that administers a smaller urban areas than municipal corporations, with population of 100,000 or more. It interacts directly with the state government, though it is administratively part of the district it is located in. Generally, smaller district cities and bigger towns have a Municipal Council.Nagar panchayatNagar panchayatA nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council'; also town panchayat or a Notified Area Council, NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.State governments of IndiaState governments of IndiaThe state governments of India are the governments ruling over the 28 states and three union territories (there are eight union territories but only three union territories have legislative assemblies as well as governments) of India with the head of Council of Ministers in every state being the Chief Minister, who also serves as the head of the government. Power is divided between the Union Government (federal government) and the state governments.Municipal corporationMunicipal corporationMunicipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. The term can also be used to describe municipally owned corporations. Municipal corporation as local self-governmentMunicipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located.Greater Chennai CorporationGreater Chennai CorporationLocal government of Chennai CityGreater Chennai Corporation (GCC) is the local government for the City of Chennai in the Chennai Metropolitan Area of Tamil Nadu, India. Inaugurated as the Corporation of Madras on 29 September 1688, under a royal charter issued by King James II on 30 December 1687, it is the oldest municipal body in the Commonwealth of Nations outside Britain. It is the second oldest municipal corporation in the world after the City of London.Constitution of IndiaConstitution of IndiaSupreme legal document of India since 1950The Constitution of India is the supreme legal document of India, and the longest written national constitution in the world. The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens.States and union territories of IndiaStates and union territories of IndiaIndia is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, for a total of 36 subnational entities. The states and union territories in turn are each subdivided into districts, of which a total of around 800 exist. Districts contain further levels of administrative subdivisions. Under the Indian Constitution and laws, the states of India are self-governing administrative divisions, each having a state government.Municipal corporation (India)Municipal corporation (India)A municipal corporation is a type of local government in India which administers an urban area having a population of one million or more. The growing population and urbanization of various Indian cities highlighted the need for a type of local governing body that could provide services such as healthcare, education, housing and transport by collecting property taxes and administering grants from the state government.IndiaIndiaCountry in South AsiaIndia, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the world's seventh-largest country by area and the largest by population. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives.Fort KochiFort KochiFort Kochi ( , Malayalam:; Cochin Portuguese: Cochim de Baixo, European Portuguese:), formerly also known as Fort Cochin, is a region of Kochi city in Kerala, India. Fort Kochi takes its name from the Fort Manuel of Kochi, the first European fort on Indian soil, controlled by the Portuguese East Indies. This is part of a handful of water-bound islands and islets toward the south-west of the mainland Kochi, and collectively known as Old Kochi or West Kochi.Union territoryUnion territoryAmong the states and union territories of India, a union territory (UT) is a region that is directly governed by the central government of India, as opposed to the states, which have their own state government systems. Unlike states, union territories do not have their own full-fledged government but are administered by a lieutenant governor or administrator appointed by the president of India.MunicipalityMunicipalityA municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term municipality may also mean the governing body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district.

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