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Multitier architecture

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In software engineering, multitier architecture (often referred to as n-tier architecture or layered architecture) is a client–server architecture in which various levels of software architecture are physically separated. The most common use of multitier architecture is the three-tier architecture, which separates presentation, application processing and data management functions, such as in the case of Cisco's hierarchical internetworking model.

Data access layerA data access layer (DAL) is a software architectural layer that provides access to data from one or more sources, such as a relational database, NoSQL database, SQL query engine, file system, or other persistent storage. It separates client code from the details of storage systems, query execution, connection handling, and data retrieval.Client–server modelClient–server modelThe client–server model is a form of messaging pattern in a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients. Often clients and servers communicate over a computer network on separate hardware, but both client and server may be on the same device. A server host runs one or more server programs, which share their resources with clients.Applications architectureApplications architectureIn information systems, applications architecture or application architecture is one of several architecture domains that form the pillars of an enterprise architecture (EA). ScopeAn applications architecture describes the behavior of applications used in a business, focused on how they interact with each other and with users. It is focused on the data consumed and produced by applications rather than their internal structure.Software architectureSoftware architectureSoftware architecture is the set of structures needed to reason about a software system and the discipline of creating such structures and systems. Each structure comprises software elements, relations among them, and properties of both elements and relations. The architecture of a software system is a metaphor, analogous to the architecture of a building.Business logicIn computer software, business logic or domain logic is the part of the program that encodes the real-world business rules that determine how data can be created, stored, and changed. It is contrasted with the remainder of the software that might be concerned with lower-level details of managing a database or displaying the user interface, system infrastructure, or generally connecting various parts of the program.Service layer patternService layer patternService layer is an architectural pattern, applied within the service-orientationdesign paradigm, which aims to organize the services, within a service inventory, into a set of logical layers. Services that are categorized into a particular layer share functionality. This helps to reduce the conceptual overhead related to managing the service inventory, as the services belonging to the same layer address a smaller set of activities.Application softwareApplication softwareApplication software is software that is intended for end-user use – not operating, administering or programming a computer. It includes programs such as word processors, web browsers, media players, and mobile applications used in daily tasks. An application (app, application program, software application) is any program that can be categorized as application software.Hierarchical internetworking modelHierarchical internetworking modelThe Hierarchical internetworking model is a three-layer model for network design first proposed by Cisco in 1998. The hierarchical design model divides enterprise networks into three layers: core, distribution, and access. Access layerEnd-stations and servers connect to the enterprise at the access layer. Access layer devices are usually commodity switching platforms, and may or may not provide layer 3 switching services.Persistence (computer science)Persistence (computer science)In computer science, persistence refers to the characteristic of state of a system that outlives (persists for longer than) the process that created it. This is achieved in practice by storing the state as data in computer data storage. Programs have to transfer data to and from storage devices and have to provide mappings from the native programming-languagedata structures to the storage device data structures.Data managementData managementData management comprises all disciplines related to handling data as a valuable resource, it is the practice of managing an organization's data so it can be analyzed for decision making. ConceptThe concept of data management emerged alongside the evolution of computing technology. In the 1950s, as computers became more prevalent, organizations began to grapple with the challenge of organizing and storing data efficiently.User interfaceUser interfaceIn the industrial design field of human–computer interaction, a user interface (UI) is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, while the machine simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators' decision-making process.Software engineeringSoftware engineering is a branch of both computer science and engineering focused on designing, developing, testing, and maintaining software applications. It involves applying engineering principles and computer programming expertise to develop software systems that meet user needs. A software engineer applies a software development process to define, implement, test, manage, and maintain software systems.

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