Electric multiple unitAn electric multiple unit (EMU) is a multiple-unittrain consisting of self-propelled carriages using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages. An EMU is usually formed of two or more semi-permanently coupled carriages. However, electrically powered single-unit railcars are also generally classed as EMUs.Multiple unitA multiple-unit train (or multiple unit (MU)) is a self-propelled train or trainset composed of one or more carriages joined, and where one or more of the carriages have the means of propulsion built in. By contrast, a locomotive-hauled train has entirely unpowered carriages. An implication of this is that all powered carriages must be controllable by a single engineer or driver, which falls under the broader concept of multiple-unit train control.
Association of American RailroadsThe Association of American Railroads (AAR) is an industry trade group representing primarily the major freight railroads of North America (Canada, Mexico and the United States). Amtrak and some regional commuter railroads are also members. Smaller freight railroads are typically represented by the American Short Line and Regional Railroad Association (ASLRRA), although some smaller railroads and railroad holding companies are also members of the AAR.
Railway couplingA coupling or coupler is a mechanism, typically located at each end of a rail vehicle, that connects them to form a train. The equipment that connects the couplers to the vehicles is the draft gear or draw gear, which must absorb the stresses from coupling and the train's acceleration. Throughout the history of rail vehicles, a variety of coupler designs and types have been developed worldwide.
TrainA train (from Old Frenchtrahiner, from Latintrahere, "to pull, to draw") is a series of connected vehicles that run along a railway track and transport people or freight. Trains are typically pulled or pushed by locomotives (often known simply as "engines"), though some are self-propelled, such as multiple units or railcars. Passengers and cargo are carried in railroad cars, also known as wagons or carriages. Trains are designed to a certain gauge, or distance between rails.
Liverpool Overhead RailwayThe Liverpool Overhead Railway (known locally as the Dockers' Umbrella or Ovee) was an overhead railway in Liverpool, England. It operated along the Liverpool Docks and opened in 1893 with lightweight electric multiple units.
Scharfenberg couplerThe Scharfenberg coupler (German: Scharfenbergkupplung, abbreviated Schaku) is a commonly used type of fully automatic railway coupling. Designed in 1903 by Karl Scharfenberg in Königsberg, Germany (today Kaliningrad, Russia), the coupler has gradually spread from transit trains to regular passenger service trains, although outside Europe its use is generally restricted to mass transit systems.
South Side Elevated RailroadThe South Side Elevated Railroad (originally Chicago and South Side Rapid Transit Railroad) was the first elevated rapid transit line in Chicago, Illinois. The line ran from downtown Chicago to Jackson Park, with branches to Englewood, Normal Park, Kenwood, and the Union Stock Yards. The first 3.6 miles (5.8 km) of the line opened on June 6, 1892. Much of its route is still used today as part of the Green Line of the Chicago "L" system.
Frank J. SpragueFrank Julian Sprague (July 25, 1857 – October 25, 1934) was an American inventor who contributed to the development of the electric motor, electric railways, and electric elevators. His contributions were especially important in promoting urban development by increasing the size cities could reasonably attain (through better transportation) and by allowing greater concentration of business in commercial sections (through the use of electric elevators in skyscrapers).
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