Transcendent theosophyTranscendent theosophy (Persian: حكمت متعاليه, romanized: al-ḥikmat al-mutaʿāliyah, lit.'the transcendent wisdom') a doctrine and philosophy developed by Persian philosopherMulla Sadra (d. 1635CE), is one of two main disciplines of Islamic philosophy that are currently live and active.
IlluminationismIlluminationism (Persian حكمت اشراق hekmat-e eshrāq, Arabic: حكمة الإشراق ḥikmat al-ishrāq, both meaning "Wisdom of the Rising Light"), also known as Ishrāqiyyun or simply Ishrāqi (Persian اشراق, Arabic: الإشراق, lit.
Islamic philosophyPhilosophical tradition in Muslim culture The Brethren of Purity were a medieval secret society, consisting of Islamic philosophers, here seen in an illustration from the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity, c. 1287.
KalamStudy of Islamic doctrinesIlm al-kalam or ilm al-lahut, often shortened to kalam, is the scholastic, speculative, or rational study of Islamic theology (aqida). It can also be defined as the science that studies the fundamental doctrines of Islamic faith (usul al-din), proving their validity, or refuting doubts regarding them.
UlamaIn Islam, the ʿulamā (US: ; also spelled ulema; Arabic: علماء, romanized: ʿulamāʾ; IPA:; lit.'the learned ones'; singular عالم, ʿālim; ), also known as Shuyukh or Mawlawi, are scholars and judges of Islamic doctrine and law. They are considered the guardians, transmitters, interpreters and legislators of religious knowledge in Islam.
Shia IslamSecond-largest branch of IslamShia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam and one of the world's largest religious denominations. It holds that at Ghadir Khumm, the Islamic prophet Muhammad appointed his cousin and son-in-law, Ali, as his successor and the leader of the Muslim community.
Islamic Golden AgePeriod of cultural flourishing from 786 to 1258Some figures of the Islamic Golden AgeAl-KhwarizmiAl-BiruniIbn al-NafisAvicennaAverroesAlhazenMuhammad al-IdrisiIsmail al-JazariAl-JahizOmar Khayyamal-ZahrawiThe Islamic Golden Age was a period of cultural flourishing in the history of Islam, dated from the 8th century CE to the 14th century.
Safavid IranIran under the Safavid dynasty from 1501 to 1736The Guarded Domains of Iran, commonly called Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire, was one of the largest and longest-lasting Iranian empires. It was ruled by the Safavid dynasty from 1501 to 1736, albeit others place the end on the year 1722, when Isfahan fell to the Afghans. It is often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder empires.
Persian languageThis article contains Persian text. Without proper , you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.
Oliver LeamanOliver Leaman (born 1950) is an American professor of philosophy and Zantker Professor of Judaic studies at the University of Kentucky, where he has been teaching since 2000. He specialized in the history of Islamic, Jewish, and Eastern philosophy. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in 1979.
Twelver Shi'ismBranch of Shia Islam A 1978 Iranian painting depicting the Twelve Imams. Ali is depicted in the center with his double-edged sword Zulfiqar, while the person whose face is obscured by light is the Mahdi.
ArabicArabic is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic.
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