Abbasid CaliphateThird Islamic caliphateThe Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire was the third Islamic caliphate, ruled by the Abbasid dynasty. The dynasty was descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (d. 653), after whom it is named. The Abbasids rose to power in 750, when the Abbasid Revolution overthrew the preceding Umayyad Caliphate. They ruled as caliphs from their base in Iraq until 1258, with Baghdad as their capital for most of their history.
Umayyad CaliphateSecond Islamic caliphate (661–750)
CaliphateIslamic form of governmentA caliphate is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (ummah). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires.
Al-SaffahDynastyAbbasidFatherMuhammad ibn Ali ibn Abd AllahMotherRayta bint Ubayd AllahReligionSunniIslamAbu al-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-ʿAbbās (Arabic: أبو العباس عبد الله ابن محمد ابن علي; 721/722 – 8 June 754), known by his laqabal-Saffāḥ (Arabic: السفّاح), was the first Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, one of the longest and most important caliphates in Islamic history.Ibrahim al-ImamAbu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-ʿAbbās (701/2–749), better known as Ibrāhim al-Imām (إبراهيم الإمام), was the leader of the Abbasid family and of the clandestine Hashimiyya movement that prepared and launched the Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyad Caliphate.Ali ibn Abd Allah ibn al-AbbasʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib (Arabic: علي بن عبد الله بن العباس بن عبد المطلب) (ca. 661–ca. 736) was an ancestor of the Abbasids. He was a grandson of al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib and the grandfather of the first two Abbasid caliphs al-Saffah and al-Mansur.
Al-MansurAbū Jaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Manṣūr (; Arabic: أبو جعفر عبد الله بن محمد المنصور; 714 – 6 October 775) usually known simply as by his laqabal-Manṣūr (المنصور) was the second Abbasidcaliph, reigning from 754 to 775, succeeding his brother al-Saffah (r. 750–754). He founded the 'Round City' of Madinat al-Salam, which was to become the core of imperial Baghdad.
Muhammad ibn al-HanafiyyaAlid political and religious leader (c. 637–700)Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya (Arabic: مُحَمَّد ابْن الْحَنَفِيَّة, romanized: Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyya, c. 637–700, 15–81 AH) was a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib and an effective lieutenant for his father during his caliphate. After the assassination of Ali and the deaths of his two sons Hasan and Husayn, many recognized Ibn al-Hanafiyya as the head of the Alids.
MuhammadFounder of Islam (c. 570–632)LifeMeccaHijrahFirst Islamic stateAfter Conquest of MeccaFarewell Pilgrimage (Farewell Sermon)HadithMilestones and recordsCareerMilitaryDiplomaticMiraclesQuran (First revelation)Isra and Mi'rajSplitting of the MoonViews and PerspectivesViews JewsChristiansPerspectives IslamBibleJudaismMedieval ChristianHistoricityCriticismSuccessionSaqifahGhadir KhummCompanions of MuhammadHadith of the pen and paperAhl al-BaytPraiseSalawatNaatMawlidRelatedMohammedanMahoundAl-Masjid an-NabawiPossessionsRelicsSealHistory of IslamMuhammad (c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, military, and political leader, and the founder of Islam.Abbasid dynastyThe Abbasid dynasty, or Abbasids, (Arabic: بنو العباس, romanized: Banu al-ʿAbbās) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the third Islamic caliphate between 750 and 1258. They were from the Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh, tracing their descent from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The Abbasid Caliphate is divided into three main periods: Early Abbasid era (750–861), Middle Abbasid era (861–936) and Later Abbasid era (936–1258).
Abbas ibn Abd al-MuttalibAl-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (c. 566 – c. 653 CE) was a paternal uncle and sahabi (companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, just three years older than his nephew. A wealthy merchant, during the early years of Islam he protected Muhammad while he was in Mecca, but only became a convert after the Battle of Badr in 624 CE (2 AH). His descendants founded the Abbasid Caliphate in 750. Early yearsAbbas, born around 565 CE, was one of the younger sons of Abd al-Muttalib.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.