Church reform of Peter the GreatPeter I of Russia, portrait by Paul Delaroche, 1838 The church reform of Peter the Great was a set of changes Peter I of Russia (r. 1682–1725) introduced to the Russian Orthodox Church, especially to church government. Issued in the context of Peter's overall Westernizing reform programme, it replaced the office of the patriarch of Moscow with the Holy Synod and made the church effectively a department of state.
Russian Orthodox ChurchAutocephalous Eastern Orthodox churchThe Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Russian: Русская православная церковь, РПЦ, romanized: Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov', RPTs;), also officially known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Russian: Московский патриархат, romanized: Moskovskiy patriarkhat), is an autocephalousEastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia.
Peter the GreatHouseRomanovFatherAlexis of RussiaMotherNatalya NaryshkinaSignatureMilitary careerAllegianceTsardom of RussiaRussian EmpireBranchArmy of Peter the GreatImperial Russian ArmyConflictsTreelike listRusso-Turkish WarAzov campaignsGreat Northern WarIngrian campaignSiege of NöteborgSiege of NarvaBattle of GrodnoBattle of LesnayaBattle of PoltavaSiege of Viborg (1710)Capitulation of Estonia and LivoniaPruth River CampaignBattle of HelsinkiBattle of GangutPersian campaignBattle of DerbentCapture of RashtPeter I, better known as Peter the Great (9 June[O.S. 30 May] 1672 – 8 February[O.S. 28 January] 1725), was the ruler of Tsarist Russia from 1682 to 1725, first as Tsar of the Tsardom of Russia until 1721 and Emperor of the Russian Empire afterwards.
Reforms of Russian orthographyRussian orthography has been reformed officially and unofficially by changing the Russian alphabet and spelling rules over the course of the history of the Russian language. Several important reforms happened in the 18th–20th centuries. Early changes Old East Slavic adopted the Cyrillic script, approximately during the 10th century and at about the same time as the introduction of Eastern Christianity into the territories inhabited by the Eastern Slavs.
Patriarch Tikhon of MoscowTikhon of Moscow (Russian: Тихон Московский, 31 January [O.S. 19 January] 1865 – 7 April [O.S. 25 March] 1925), born Vasily Ivanovich Bellavin (Russian: Василий Иванович Беллавин), was a bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). On 5 November 1917 (OS) he was selected the 11th Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, after a period of about 200 years of the Synodal rule in the ROC. He was canonised as a confessor by the ROC in 1989.
SynodCouncil of a church, convened to resolve issues of doctrine or administration Diocesan synod in Kraków in 1643 presided by Bishop Piotr Gembicki Part of a series onChristianity Christians JesusChrist Nativity Baptism Ministry Crucifixion Resurrection Ascension BibleFoundations Old Testament New Testament Gospel Canon Church Prophets Creed New Covenant Theology God Trinity Father Son Holy Spirit Apologetics Baptism Christology History of theology Salvation Stewardship Universalism HistoryTradition Apostles Peter Paul Mary Early Christianity Church Fathers Constantine Councils Augustine Three Holy Hierarchs East–West Schism Crusades Aquinas Reformation Luther Denominations(list) Western Latin-rite Catholic Independent Catholic Protestant Anabaptist Anglican Baptist Evangelical Lutheran Methodist Moravian Pentecostal Plymouth Brethren Quaker Reformed Unitarian Waldensian Western Orthodox Eastern Eastern Orthodox Oriental Orthodox East Syriac Eastern Catholic Eastern Protestant Restorationist Adventist Irvingite Jehovah's Witness Latter Day Saint Swedenborgian Related topics Art Adherents Criticism Culture Ecumenism Liturgy Mission Other religions Persecution Prayer Sermon Symbolism Western society Worship Sabbath in Christianity Gregorian calendar Glossary Index Outline Christianity portalvte A synod (/ˈsɪnəd/) is a council of a Christian denomination, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application.
Russian languageRussian is an East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the Russian people. Russian was the de facto (and de jure in its final years) official language of the former Soviet Union.
TsarTsar, also spelled czar, tzar or csar (), is a Slavic title derived from the Latin word caesar. It was intended to mean "emperor" in the European medieval sense of the term—a ruler with the same rank as a Roman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official—but was usually considered by Western Europeans to be equivalent to "king".
Metropolitan bishopIn Christianchurches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan (alternative obsolete form: metropolite), is held by the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis. Originally, the term referred to the bishop of the chief city of a historical Roman province, whose authority in relation to the other bishops of the province was recognized by the First Council of Nicaea (AD 325).
Saint PetersburgSaint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd (Петроград), and later Leningrad (Ленинград), is the second-largest city in Russia, after Moscow, the nation's capital. Situated on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, its area of 1,439 square kilometers (556 sq mi) makes it the smallest administrative division of Russia by area.
Romanization of RussianThe romanization of the Russian language (the transliteration of Russian text from the Cyrillic script into the Latin script), aside from its primary use for including Russian names and words in text written in a Latin alphabet, is also essential for computer users to input Russian text who either do not have a keyboard or word processor set up for inputting Cyrillic, or else are not capable of typing rapidly using a native Russian keyboard layout (JCUKEN).
February RevolutionFirst of two 1917 revolutions in RussiaBelligerentsRussian Imperial GovernmentPetrograd PoliceGendarmesMinistry of Internal AffairsPetrograd GarrisonMonarchists: Russian AssemblyMonarchist UnionUnion of the Russian NationSocialists: Socialist Revolutionary PartyRussian Social Democratic Labour PartyBolsheviksMensheviksDashnaksLiberals: KadetsOctobristsProgressive PartyCommanders and leadersNicholas II Nikolai GolitsynAlexander KutepovSergey KhabalovMikhail BelyaevNikolai IvanovAlexander ProtopopovVladimir PurishkevichAlexander DubrovinAlexander KerenskyViktor ChernovYury LomonosovNikolay ChkheidzeJulius MartovAlexander ShliapnikovNikolay TolmachyovStepan ShahumyanGeorgy LvovPavel MiliukovAlexander GuchkovMikhail RodziankoStrengthPetrograd Police: 3,500UnknownCasualties and losses 1,443 killed in Petrograd862–1240: Ancient Rus'Rurik • Baptism of Rus' • Russkaya Pravda • Council of Liubech • Council of Uvetichi • Mongol conquest1240–1547: Appanage RussiaBlack Death • Battle of Kulikovo • MuscoviteCivil War • Great Stand on the Ugra River • Sudebnik of 14971547–1917: Tsarist RussiaTime of Troubles • Zemsky Sobor • Treaty ofNystad • Petrovian reforms • Patriotic War • Decembrist Revolt • Emancipation reform • Russo-Japanese War • 1905 Revolution • October Manifesto • Second Patriotic War1917–1922: Russian RevolutionFebruary Revolution • Provisional Government • Dvoyevlastiye • July Days • Kornilov affair • Directorate • Constituent Assembly (election) • Bolshevik Coup • Civil War • White Guard • Red Army • Soviet-Polish War • PriamuryeGovt.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.