Patriarch Filaret of MoscowFeodor Nikitich Romanov (Russian: Фео́дор Ники́тич Рома́нов, IPA:; 1553 – 1 October[O.S. 21 September] 1633) was a Russian boyar who after temporary disgrace rose to become patriarch of Moscow as Filaret (Russian: Филаре́т, IPA:), and became de facto ruler of Russia during the reign of his son, Mikhail Feodorovich.
Feodor I of RussiaDynastyRurikFatherIvan IV of RussiaMotherAnastasia RomanovnaReligionRussian OrthodoxFeodor I Ioannovich (Russian: Феодор I Иoаннович) or Fyodor I Ivanovich (Russian: Фёдор I Иванович; 31 May 1557 – 17 January 1598), nicknamed the Blessed (Блаженный), was Tsar of all Russia from 1584 until his death in 1598. Feodor's mother died when he was three, and he grew up in the shadow of his father, Ivan the Terrible.
Time of TroublesThe Time of Troubles (Russian: Смутное время, romanized: Smutnoye vremya), also known as Smuta (Russian: , lit.'troubles'), was a period of political crisis in Russia which began in 1598 with the death of Feodor I, the last of the House of Rurik, and ended in 1613 with the accession of Michael I of the House of Romanov at the 1613 Zemsky Sobor.It was a period of deep social crisis and lawlessness following the death of Feodor I, a weak and possibly intellectually disabled ruler who died without an heir.
House of RomanovImperial dynasty of Russia (1613–1917)The House of Romanov (also transliterated as Romanoff; Russian: Романовы, romanized: Romanovy, IPA:) was a royal house and the reigning imperial house of Tsarist Russia from 1613 until its deposition in 1917. They achieved prominence after Anastasia Romanovna married Ivan the Terrible, the first crowned tsar of all Russia.
Zemsky Sobor of 1613The Zemsky Sobor of 1613 was a meeting of representatives of the Estates of the realm of the Tsardom of Russia, held for the election of Tsar after the expulsion of the Polish-Lithuanian Occupiers at the end of the Time of Troubles. It was opened on 16 January 1613 in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. On 3 March 1613, the Sobor elected Mikhail Romanov as Tsar, establishing the House of Romanov as the new ruling Russian dynasty.
Anastasia RomanovnaAnastasia Romanovna Zakharyina-Yurieva (Russian: Анастасия Романовна Захарьина-Юрьева; 1530 – 7 August 1560) was the tsaritsa of all Russia as the first wife of Ivan IV, the tsar of all Russia. She was also the mother of Feodor I, the last lineal Rurikid tsar of Russia, and the great-aunt of Michael of Russia, the first tsar of the Romanov dynasty.
Xenia ShestovaXenia Ivanovna Shestova (Russian: Ксения Ивановна Шестова (or Романова); 1560–1631) was a Wifeboyar of Fyodor Romanov and the mother of CzarMichael of Russia. LifeThe origins of Xenia Ivanovna Shestova have been disputed by genealogists for centuries.
RurikidsThe Rurik dynasty, also known as the Rurikid or Riurikid dynasty, as well as simply Rurikids or Riurikids, was a noble lineage founded by the Varangian prince Rurik, who, according to tradition, established himself at Novgorod in the year 862. The Rurikids were the ruling dynasty of Kievan Rus' and its principalities following its disintegration.
Tsar of all RussiaThe Tsar of all Russia, formally the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, was the title of the Russian monarch from 1547 to 1721. During this period, the state was a tsardom. The first Russian monarch to be crowned as tsar was Ivan IV, who had held the title of sovereign and grand prince. In 1721, Peter I adopted the title of emperor and proclaimed the Russian Empire. The old title continued to be popularly used to refer to the emperor.
Russian languageRussian is an East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the Russian people. Russian was the de facto (and de jure in its final years) official language of the former Soviet Union.
Romanization of RussianThe romanization of the Russian language (the transliteration of Russian text from the Cyrillic script into the Latin script), aside from its primary use for including Russian names and words in text written in a Latin alphabet, is also essential for computer users to input Russian text who either do not have a keyboard or word processor set up for inputting Cyrillic, or else are not capable of typing rapidly using a native Russian keyboard layout (JCUKEN).
Old Style and New Style datesOld Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, they refer to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 1582 and 1923.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.