Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–1517)BelligerentsOttoman EmpireMamluk SultanateCommanders and leadersSelim ICommandersSinan Pasha†Mimar SinanYunus Pasha (WIA)Bıyıklı PashaAyas PashaDeli PashaShahsuwaroghlu Beg†Hayır BeyJanbirdi al-Ghazali†Yunus Bey†Idris BitlisiHüseyin PashaSaadet I Giray†Qansuh II al-Ghuri†Tuman Bay IICommandersYunus BeyJanbirdi al-Ghazali (WIA) Hayır Bey††Shihab AhmadAlaa el-Emam Temer ez-Zeredkaş Hyacinth al-Osman Mukaddem-u el-Mamalik Sûdûn † Cherkess b. Amir Qansuh (POW) Abdulkadir al-Qasrawi † Turabay † Temeraz † Akbay et-tavîl † Bibers † Sharif Barakat of Mecca Casualties and losses 26,000–29,000 88,000–160,000 (including civilians)The Ottoman–Mamluk War of 1516–1517 was the second major conflict between the Egypt-based Mamluk Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire, which led to the Fall of the Mamluk Sultanate and the incorporation of the Levant, Egypt, and the Hejaz as provinces of the Ottoman Empire.
Ayyubid dynastyThe Ayyubids controlled the Levant until 1260 despite losing Egypt to the Mamluks in 1250. A branch of the Ayyubid dynasty ruled Hasankeyf until the early 16th century.For details of the languages spoken by the Ayyubid rulers and their subjects, see § Religion, ethnicity and language below.The total population of the Ayyubid territories is unknown. This population figure only includes Egypt, Syria, Upper Mesopotamia, Palestine, and Transjordan.
MamlukMamluk or mamaluk or mameluke (; Arabic: مملوك, romanized: mamlūk (singular), مماليك, mamālīk (plural); translated as "one who is owned", meaning "slave") were non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Turkic, Caucasian, Mongol, Eastern and Southeastern European) enslavedmercenaries, slave-soldiers, and freed slaves who were assigned high-ranking military and administrative duties in the Muslim world.
SultanSultan (; Arabic: سلطانsulṭān, pronounced) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal nounسلطةsulṭah, meaning "authority" or "power".
Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire, historically also known as the Turkish Empire or Turkey, was a state that spanned much of Southeastern Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14thcentury to the early 20thcentury, centred in modern-day Turkey. It also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early 18thcenturies.
Egypt in the Middle AgesPeriod of Egyptian history from 639 to 1517 Part of a series on the History of Egypt Prehistoric Egypt Paleolithic300,000–20,000 BC Mesolithic20,000–6000 BC Neolithic and Predynastic6000–3000 BC Ancient Egypt Early Dynastic Period3150–2686 BC Old Kingdom2686–2181 BC 1st Intermediate Period2181–2055 BC Middle Kingdom2055–1650 BC 2nd Intermediate Period1650–1550 BC New Kingdom1550–1069 BC 3rd Intermediate Period1069–664 BC Late Period (History)664–332 BC Greco-Roman Egypt Argead dynasty332–310 BC Ptolemaic dynasties310–30 BC Roman and Byzantine Egypt30 BC–641 AD Late antique Egypt3rd-7th centuries Sasanian Egypt619–629 Medieval Egypt Rashidun caliphate641–661 Umayyad caliphate661–750 Abbasid dynasty750–935 Tulunid dynasty868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty935–969 Fatimid dynasty969–1171 Ayyubid dynasty1171–1250 Mamluk dynasty1250–1517 Early modern Egypt Ottoman Egypt1517–1867 French occupation1798–1801 Muhammad Ali dynasty1805–1953 Khedivate of Egypt1867–1914 Late Modern Egypt British occupation1882–1922 Sultanate of Egypt1914–1922 Kingdom of Egypt1922–1953 Republic1953–present Egypt portalvte Historical Arab states and dynasties Northern Ancient Arab states Kingdom of Qedar 800 BC–300 BC Kingdom of Lihyan 600 BC–100 BC Nabataean Kingdom 400 BC–106 AD Osroene (Abgarids) 134 BC–242 AD Emesene Dynasty 64 BC–300s AD Kingdom of Hatra 100s–241 AD Tanukhids 196–1100 AD Ghassanids 220–638 AD Palmyra (Odaenathid) 260–273 AD Salihids 300s–500s AD Eastern Ancient Arab states Gerrha Kingdom 650 BC–300 AD Characene 141 BC-222 AD Kingdom of Kinda (Hujrids) 200 AD–528 AD Lakhmids 293–602 AD Southern Ancient Arab states Kingdom of Awsan 800 BC–700 BC Kingdom of Saba' 1200 BCE–275 CE Kingdom of Ḥaḑramawt 1000 BC–290 CE Kingdom of Qatabān 1000 BC–200 CE Kingdom of Ma'in 600 BC–150 CE Kingdom of Ḥimyar 110 BCE–525 CE Arab empires and caliphates Rashidun 632–661 Umayyads 661–750 Abbasids 750–1258 Fatimids 909–1171 Caliphate of Córdoba929–1031 Omani Empire 1696–1856 Sharifian Caliphate 1916–1931 Eastern dynasties Emirate of Armenia 654–884 Emirate of Tbilisi 736–1122 Emirate of Crete 824–961 Dulafids 840–897 Habbari Emirate 854–1011 Emirate of Multan 855–1010 Kaysites 860–964 Shirvanshah 861–1538 Alid dynasties of northern Iran 864–14th century Hashimids 869–1075 Hamdanids 890–1004 Mazyadids 961–1150 Jarrahids 970–1107 Uqaylids 990–1096 Numayrids 990–1081 Mirdasids 1024–1080 Munqidhites 1025–1157 Muzaffarids 1314–1393 Ma'nids 1517–1697 Turabays 1480–1677 Harfushs 1517–1865 Shihabs 1176–1842 Western dynasties and caliphates Salihids710–1019 Fihrid Emirate745–757 Emirate of Córdoba756–929 Muhallabids771–793 Idrisids788–974 Aghlabids800–909 Sulaymanids814–922 Muslim Sicily831–1091 Kanzids1004–1412 Bakrids1012–1051 Tujibids1013–1039 Amirids1020–1086 Abbadids1023–1091 Yahsubids1023–1062 Hammudids1026–1057 Muzaynids1027–1063 Jawharids1031–1091 Hudids1039–1110 Sumadihids1041–1091 Tahirids1049–1078 Nasrids1230–1492 Saadids1554–1659 Alawis1631–present Senussids1837–1969 Arabian Peninsula Imamate of Oman 751–1970 Ziyadids 819–1138 Yufirids 847–997 Ukhaidhirds 865–1066 Rassids 897–1962 Wajihids 926–965 Sharifate of Mecca 968–1925 Sulayhids 1047–1138 Sulaymanids 1063–1174 Uyunids 1076–1253 Zurayids 1083–1174 Nabhanids 1154–1624 Mahdids 1159–1174 Rasulids 1229–1454 Usfurids 1253–1320 Jarwanids 1305–1487 Kathirids 1395–1967 Tahirids 1454–1526 Jabrids 1463–1521 Kingdom of Khaza'il 1534–1921 Qasimids 1597–1872 Ya'arubids 1624–1742 Emirate of Dir'iyah 1744–1818 Upper Yafa 1800–1967 Muscat and Oman 1820–1970 Rashidids 1836–1921 Qu'aitids 1858–1967 Emirate of Beihan 1903–1967 Idrisids 1906–1934 Mutawakkilite Kingdom 1926–1970 East Africa Makhzumi dynasty (Shewa) 896–1279 Nabahani dynasty (Pate Island) 1203–1894 Mahdali dynasty (Kilwa Sultanate) 1277–1495 Sultanate of Darfur 1448–1874 Omani Empire 1698–1856 Mazrui dynasty (Mombasa) 1746–1828 Sultanate of Zanzibar 1856–1964 Nabahani dynasty (Wituland) 1858–1895 Tippu Tip's State 1860–1887 Mahdist State 1885–1899 Current monarchies 'Alawis (Morocco) 1631–present Al Qasimi (Ras al Khaymah) 1727–present Al Qasimi (Sharjah) 1727–present Al Saud (Saudi Arabia) 1744–present Al Said (Oman) 1749–present Al Sabah (Kuwait) 1752–present Al Nahyan (Abu Dhabi) 1761–present Al Mualla (Umm al-Quwain) 1775–present Al Khalifa (Bahrain) 1783–present Al Nuaimi (Ajman) 1810–present Al Maktoum (Dubai) 1833–present Al Thani (Qatar) 1868–present Al Sharqi (Fujairah) 1879–present Hashemites (Jordan) 1921–present vte Following the Islamic conquest in 641–642, Lower Egypt was ruled at first by governors acting in the name of the Rashidun Caliphs and then the Umayyad Caliphs in Damascus, but in 750 the Umayyads were overthrown.
HejazThe Hejaz or Hijaz is a historical region of the Arabian Peninsula that includes the majority of the western region of Saudi Arabia, covering the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif and Al-Bahah. It is thus known as the "Western Province", and it is bordered in the west by the Red Sea, in the north by Jordan and the Gulf of Aqaba, in the east by the Najd, and in the south by South Arabia.
ArabicArabic is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic.
CairoCairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate. It is home to more than 9.8 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world, and the Middle East. The Greater Cairo metropolitan area is one of the largest in the world by population with over 22 million people.
LevantThe Levant is a subregion of West Asia along the that forms part of the Middle East. The term is often used in conjunction with historical or cultural references. In its narrowest sense, used in archaeology and other contexts, the Levant refers to Cyprus and land bordering the Levantine Sea () in West Asia that includes Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Israel, and south Cilicia (Turkey).
Romanization of ArabicThe romanization of Arabic is the systematic rendering of written and spoken Arabic in the Latin script. Romanized Arabic is used for various purposes, among them transcription of names and titles, cataloging Arabic language works, language education when used instead of or alongside the Arabic script, and representation of the language in scientific publications by linguists.
Turkic peoplesTurkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages. According to historians and linguists, the Proto-Turkic language originated in Central-East Asia, potentially in the Altai-Sayan region, Mongolia or Tuva. Initially, Proto-Turkic speakers were potentially both hunter-gatherers and farmers; they later became nomadic pastoralists.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.