Indian Councils Act 1861The Indian Councils Act 1861 (24 & 25 Vict. c. 67) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that transformed India's Executive Council to function as a cabinet run on the portfolio system. The Executive Council, formerly the Council of Four, was enlarged by addition of fifth member, and later a sixth.
Indian Councils Act 1892The Indian Councils Act 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c. 14) was an act of Parliament of the United Kingdom that introduced various amendments to the composition and function of legislative councils in British India. Most notably, the act expanded the number of members in the central and provincial councils.
Tamil Nadu LegislatureThe Tamil Nadu Legislature is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The Legislature is composed of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and the state's governor. Until 1 November 1986, the Tamil Nadu Legislature was a bicameral legislature which included the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council as the upper house, with the Legislative Assembly being the lower house.
Madras PresidencyAdministrative subdivision of India from 1652 to 1950Today part ofIndiaTamil NaduAndhra PradeshKeralaKarnatakaOdishaTelanganaSri LankaPortuguese India(1505–1961)British India(1600–1947)The Madras Presidency, officially designated as the Presidency of Fort St. George until 1937 and later known as the Madras Province, was an administrative subdivision of the Company Raj, British Raj and its successor, the Dominion of India.
Tamil NaduState in southern IndiaState in South India, IndiaTamil Nadu is the southernmost state of India. The tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population, it is the home of the Tamils, who speak the Tamil language, the state's official language and the first to be recognised as a classical language in India. Chennai is the state's largest city and capital.
BicameralismBicameralism is a type of legislature that is divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate and vote as a single group. As of 2022, roughly 40% of the world's national legislatures are bicameral, while unicameralism represents 60% nationally and much more at the subnational level.
Indian Rebellion of 1857Uprising against British Company ruleBelligerentsMughal EmpireSepoymutineersOudh StateRampur StateForces of Rani Lakshmibai of JhansiForces of Nana Sahib Peshwa IIJagdishpurGwalior factionsJodhpur factionsBandaVarious other groupsUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandEast India CompanyRajputana AgencyPatialaKapurthalaRampurJodhpurNabhaKingdom of NepalCommanders and leadersBahadur Shah II (POW)Nana SahibRani Lakshmibai †Tatya Tope Bakht Khan †Begum Hazrat MahalKunwar Singh (DOW)The Earl CanningGeorge Anson †Sir Patrick GrantSir Colin CampbellSir Hugh RoseSir Henry Havelock †Sir James OutramSir Henry Lawrence (DOW)James Neill †John Nicholson †Surendra Bikram ShahDhir Shamsher RanaRandhir SinghSir Yusef Ali KhanCasualties and losses 6,000 British killed, including civiliansBased on a rough comparison of the dubious pre-1857 regional demographic data and the first 1871 Census of India, probably 800,000 Indians were killed, and very likely more, both in the rebellion itself and in the famines and epidemics that it caused.The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power, including military forces, on behalf of the British Crown.
Upper houseAn upper house is one of two chambers of a bicamerallegislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
IndiaCountry in South AsiaIndia, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the world's seventh-largest country by area and the largest by population. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives.
British RajThe British Raj ( ; from Hindustanirāj, 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the period of rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent, lasting from 1858 to 1947. It is also called Crown rule in India, or direct rule in India.
List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1861A series of lists ofActs of the Parliamentof the United Kingdom By year 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 By parliament and session 1 (1·2) 2 (1·2·3·4) 3 4 (1·2·3·4·5·6) 5 (1·2·3·4·5·6) 6 (1·2) 7 (1·2·3·4·5·6·7) 7 (1·2·3·4·5·6·7) 8 (1·2·3·4) 9 10 (1·2) 11 (1·2) 12 (1·2·3) 13 (1·2·3·4) 14 (1·2·3·4·5·6·7) 15 (1·2·3·4·5) 16 (1·2·3·4·5) 17 (1·2·3) 18 (1·2·3·4·5·6·7) 19 (1·2·3) 20 (1·2·3·4·5) 21 (1·2·3·4·5·6·7) 22 (1·2·3·4·5·6) 23 24 (1·2·3·4·5·6·7) 25 (1·2·3·4) 26 (1·2·3·4·5·6·7) 27 (1·2·3·4·5·6) 28 (1·2·3·4) 29 30 (1·2·3·4·5·6·7·8) 31 (1·2·3·4·5) 32 (1·2) 33 34 (1·2·3·4·5) 35 (1·2) 36 (1·2·3·4) 37 (1·2·3·4·5·6·7·8·9·10) 38 (1·2·3·4·5) 39 (1·2) 40 (1·2·3·4) 41 (1·2·3·4) 42 (1·2·3·4·5) 43 (1·2) 44 (1·2·3·4) 45 (1·2·3·4) 46 47 (1·2·3·4·5) 48 (1·2·3·4) 49 (1·2·3·4) 50 (1·2·3·4·5) 51 (1·2·3·4·5) 52 (1·2·3·4) 53 (1·2·3·4) 54 (1·2·3·4·5) 55 (1·2·3·4) 56 (1·2) 57 (1·2) 58 (1·2·3·4) 59 (1) vte This is a complete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the years 1861.List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1892This is a complete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1892. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.