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List of revived languages

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A revived language is a language that at one point had no native speakers, but through revitalization efforts has regained native speakers. The most frequent reason for extinction is the marginalisation of local languages within a wider dominant nation state, which might at times amount to outright political oppression. This process normally works alongside economic and cultural pressures for greater centralisation and assimilation.

Kaurna languageKaurna languageKaurna ( or ) is a Pama-Nyungan language historically spoken by the Kaurna peoples of the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. The Kaurna peoples are made up of various tribal clan groups, each with their own parnkarra district of land and local dialect. These dialects were historically spoken in the area bounded by Crystal Brook and Clare in the north, Cape Jervis in the south, and just over the Mount Lofty Ranges.Language revitalizationLanguage revitalizationEffort to promote an endangered language or revive a dead languageHebrew translation of the "Are at this hour asleep!" monologue from Henry IV, Part 2 by Solomon Löwisohn, 1816. The revitalization of Hebrew is the only successful example of language revival.Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one.University of AdelaideUniversity of AdelaidePublic university in South AustraliaThe University of Adelaide (UofA) was a publicresearch university based in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1874, it was the third-oldest university in Australia. Its main campus in the Adelaide city centre included many sandstone buildings of historical and architectural significance, such as Bonython Hall.HokkaidoHokkaidoHokkaido is the second-largest and northernmost of Japan's four main islands. Together with its surrounding islands, it comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaido from Honshu. The two islands are connected by railway via the Seikan Tunnel. The largest city on Hokkaido is its capital, Sapporo, which is also its only ordinance-designated city.DialectDialectA dialect is a variety of language spoken by a particular group of people. This may include dominant and standardized varieties as well as vernacular, unwritten, or non-standardized varieties, such as those used in developing countries or isolated areas. The dialects of the same language are mainly distinguished from each other by differences in linguistic features such as phonology, morphology, syntax and vocabulary.Australian GovernmentThe Australian Government, also known as the Commonwealth Government or simply as the federal government, is the national executive government of Australia, a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy.Ainu Association of HokkaidoThe Ainu Association of Hokkaido (北海道アイヌ協会, Hokkaidō Ainu Kyōkai) is an umbrella group of which most Hokkaidō Ainu and some other Ainu are members. Originally controlled by the government with the intention of speeding Ainu assimilation and integration into the Japanese nation state, it now operates independently of the government and is run exclusively by Ainu. The group has been influential in raising public awareness of Ainu issues.RussiaRussiaRussia, or the Russian Federation, is a country in Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the largest country in the world, spanning eleven time zones and sharing land borders with fourteen countries. With a population of over 140 million, Russia is the most populous country in Europe and the ninth-most populous in the world. It is a highly urbanised country, with three-fourths of its population living in urban areas.Australian Aboriginal languagesAustralian Aboriginal languagesAustralian Aboriginal languages are those languages spoken by Australian Aboriginal people. There are more than 250 distinct languages. Australian languages have historically been classified into numerous language families.Nation stateNation statePolitical term for a state that is based around a nationCentralisationCentralisationCentralisation or centralization (American English) is the process by which the activities of an organisation, particularly those regarding planning, decision-making, and framing strategies and policies, become concentrated within a particular group within that organisation. This creates a power structure where the said group occupies the highest level of hierarchy and has significantly more authority and influence over the other groups, who are considered its subordinates.Cultural assimilationCultural assimilationAdoption of features of another cultureCultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble a society's majority group or fully adopts the values, behaviors, and beliefs of another group. The melting pot model is based on this concept. A related term is "cultural integration", which describes the process of becoming economically and socially integrated into another society while retaining elements of one's original culture.

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