International BrigadesThe International Brigades (Spanish: Brigadas Internacionales) were volunteer soldiers organized by the Communist International to assist the Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War. The International Brigades existed for two years, from 1936 until 1938. It is estimated that during the entire war, there were some 32,000 Brigaders, yet at no single moment were there more than 18,000 actually deployed.
French Foreign LegionFrench Army corps of foreign nationalsMilitary unitThe French Foreign Legion (French: Légion étrangère, also known simply as la Légion, 'the Legion') is a corps of the French Army created to allow foreign nationals into French service. The Legion was founded in 1831 and today consists of several specialities, namely infantry, cavalry, engineers, and airborne troops.
Spanish Civil WarThe Spanish Civil War (Spanish: guerra civil española) was fought in Spain from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalist rebels. Republicans loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic included socialists, anarchists, communists, and separatists, supported by the Soviet Union.
Waffen-SSThe Waffen-SS (German: [ˈvafn̩ʔɛsˌʔɛs]; lit. 'Armed SS') was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's paramilitary Schutzstaffel (SS) organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with volunteers and conscripts from both German-occupied Europe and unoccupied lands.
Croatian War of IndependenceBelligerents1991–94:Croatia1991–92:Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaSAO KrajinaSAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western SyrmiaSAO Western Slavonia1994–95:CroatiaBosnia and HerzegovinaHerzeg-Bosnia1992–95:Serbian KrajinaRepublika SrpskaCommanders and leadersFranjo TuđmanGojko ŠušakAnton TusJanko BobetkoZvonimir ČervenkoPetar StipetićMartin ŠpegeljAnte GotovinaMladen MarkačTomislav MerčepDobroslav ParagaSlobodan MiloševićBorisav JovićVeljko KadijevićBlagoje AdžićŽivota PanićMilan MartićMilan BabićGoran HadžićJovica StanišićFranko SimatovićRadovan KaradžićRatko MladićUnits involvedArmed Forces of CroatiaYugoslav People's ArmySerbian paramilitary unitsArmy of Serbian KrajinaStrength 70,000 (1991) 200,000 (1995) 145,000 (1991) 50,000 (1995)Casualties and losses 15,007 dead or missing (8,685 soldiers and 6,322 civilians)37,180 wounded 300,000 displaced 7,134 dead or missing (4,484 soldiers and 2,650 civilians) 1,279 soldiers killed 7,204 dead or missing (3,486 soldiers, 2,677 civilians and 864 unidentified) 7,204–8,413 dead or missing in total 300,000 displacedThe Croatian War of Independence was an armed conflict fought in Croatia from 1991 to 1995 between Croat forces loyal to the Government of Croatia—which had declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)—and the Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and local Serb forces, with the JNA ending its combat operations by 1992.
Napoleonic WarsThe Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a global series of conflicts fought by shared European coalitions against the French First Republic (1803–1804) under the First Consul followed by the First French Empire (1804–1815) under the Emperor of the French, Napoleon I. The wars originated in political forces arising from the French Revolution (1789–1799) and French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802) and produced a period of French domination over continental Europe.
Bosnian War1992–1995 armed conflict in Bosnia and HerzegovinaBelligerentsUntil October 1992: Bosnia and HerzegovinaHerzeg-BosniaCroatiaUntil May 1992: FR Yugoslavia Republika SrpskaRepublic of Serbian KrajinaOctober 1992–94: Bosnia and HerzegovinaOctober 1992–94:Herzeg-BosniaCroatiaMay 1992–94: Republika SrpskaRepublic of Serbian KrajinaWestern Bosnia (from 1993)1994–95: Bosnia and HerzegovinaHerzeg-BosniaCroatia1994–95: Republika SrpskaRepublic of Serbian KrajinaWestern BosniaCommanders and leadersAlija IzetbegovićHaris SilajdžićSefer HalilovićRasim DelićEnver HadžihasanovićAtif Dudaković...and othersFranjo TuđmanGojko ŠušakJanko BobetkoMate BobanDario KordićBruno StojićMilivoj Petković...and othersSlobodan MiloševićRadovan KaradžićMomčilo KrajišnikBiljana PlavšićRatko Mladić...and othersStrengthARBiH:110,000 troops110,000 reserves40 tanks30 APCsHVO:45,000–50,000 troops75 tanks50 APCs200 artillery piecesHV:15,000 troops1992:JNA1992–95:VRS:80,000 troops300 tanks700 APCs800 artillery piecesNOZB:4,000–5,000 troopsCasualties and losses 30,906 soldiers killed 31,107 civilians killed 5,919 soldiers killed 2,484 civilians killed 20,775 soldiers killed 4,178 civilians killed additional 5,100 killed whose ethnicity and status are unstated^ The Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was mainly staffed by Bosniaks.
Winter WarBelligerentsFinlandForeign volunteersSoviet UnionFinnish Democratic RepublicCommanders and leadersKyösti KallioC.G.E. MannerheimHugo ÖstermanHarald ÖhquistErik HeinrichsWoldemar HägglundWiljo TuompoJoseph StalinKliment VoroshilovSemyon TimoshenkoKirill MeretskovVladimir GrendalGrigori ShternMikhail DukhanovValerian FrolovStrength300,000–340,000 soldiers32 tanks114 aircraft425,000–760,000 soldiers 2,514–6,541 tanks3,880 aircraftCasualties and losses 25,904 dead or missing43,557 wounded800–1,100 captured20–30 tanks 62 aircraft1 armed icebreaker damaged Finnish Ladoga Naval Detachment ceded to the Soviet Union 70,000 total casualties 126,875–167,976 dead or missing188,671–207,538 wounded or sick (including at least 61,506 sick or frostbitten)5,572 captured1,200–3,543 tanks261–515 aircraft321,000–381,000 total casualtiesThe Winter War was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland.
WehrmachtThe Wehrmacht (German pronunciation: [ˈveːɐ̯maxt] , lit. 'defence force') were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force). The designation "Wehrmacht" replaced the previously used term Reichswehr (Reich Defence) and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to rearm Germany to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted.
BosniaksSouth Slavic ethnic groupEthnic groupBosniaks are a South Slavicethnic group and nation native to Bosnia and Herzegovina and constitute the largest ethnic group in Bosnia and Herzegovina, followed by Serbs and Croats.
AuxiliaThe auxilia (Classical Latin:, lit.'auxiliaries') were introduced as non-citizen troops attached to the citizen legions by Augustus after his reorganisation of the Imperial Roman army from 27 BC. By the 2nd century, the Auxilia contained the same number of infantry as the legions and, in addition, provided almost all of the Roman army's cavalry (especially light cavalry and archers) and more specialised troops.
Roman Empire27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.