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List of birds of Puerto Rico

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This is a list of the bird species recorded in the archipelago of Puerto Rico, which consists of the main island of Puerto Rico, two island municipalities off the east coast (Vieques and Culebra), three uninhabited islands off the west coast (Mona, Monito and Desecheo) and more than 125 smaller cays and islands. The avifauna of Puerto Rico included a total of 385 species as of July 2022, according to Bird Checklists of the World.

Desecheo IslandDesecheo IslandDesecheo (Spanish pronunciation: ) is a small uninhabited island of the archipelago of Puerto Rico in the northeast of the Mona Passage; 13 mi (21 km) from the municipality of Rincón on the west coast (Punta Higüero) of the main island of Puerto Rico and 31 mi (50 km) northeast of Mona Island. It has a land area of 0.589 sq mi (377 acres; 153 ha; 1.53 km).Puerto RicoPuerto RicoU.S. territory in the CaribbeanUnincorporated and organized territory in Spanish EmpirePuerto Rico (abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a self-governingCaribbeanarchipelago and island organized as an unincorporated territory of the United States under the designation of commonwealth.Monito IslandMonito IslandMonito Island (English: Little Mona, Spanish: Islote Monito) is an uninhabited island about 3.1 miles (5.0 km) northwest of the much larger Mona Island. Monito is the masculinediminutive form of Mona in Spanish, which also translates to little monkey in Spanish. It is one of three islands in the Mona Passage, and part of the Isla de Mona e Islote Monitobarrio, a subdivision of the municipality of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.Culebra, Puerto RicoCulebra, Puerto RicoCulebra, officially Isla de Culebra (Spanish pronunciation:, "Snake Island"), is a small archipelago and island organized as a municipality of Puerto Rico.List of islands of Puerto RicoList of islands of Puerto RicoThis is a list of islands of Puerto Rico. The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has over 143 islands, keys, and islets. Only the main island of Puerto Rico (3,424 sq mi [8,868 km2]), and the islands of Vieques (51 sq mi [130 km]), and Culebra (10 sq mi [26 km]) are inhabited.Introduced speciesIntroduced speciesAn introduced species, alien species, exotic species, adventive species, immigrant species, foreign species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species is a species living outside its native distributional range, but which has arrived there by human activity, directly or indirectly, and either deliberately or accidentally. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem.Vieques, Puerto RicoVieques, Puerto RicoIsland-municipality of Puerto RicoIsland-Municipality in Puerto Rico, United StatesVieques ( ; Spanish pronunciation:, locally), officially the Isla de Vieques, is an island and municipality of Puerto Rico, comprising the Spanish Virgin Islands together with Culebra. Located about 8 miles (13 km) east of the main island of Puerto Rico, it is about 20 miles (32 km) long and 4.5 miles (7 km) wide.Local extinctionLocal extinctionLocal extinction refers to the complete disappearance of a species (or other taxon) from a specified geographic area, region, or habitat while that species continues to survive in some other part of the world. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions in which the species no longer lives anywhere worldwide.ExtinctionExtinctionTermination of a species' lineageThe thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) is an example of a recently extinct species.Palaeotherium is an example of an extinct genus that is only recorded from fossil records before the existence of hominids.Extinction is the termination of a species via the death of its last member. A taxon may become functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to reproduce and recover.Isla de MonaIsla de MonaMona Island (Spanish: Isla de Mona) is the third-largest island of the Puerto Rican archipelago, after the main island of Puerto Rico and Vieques. It is the largest of three islands in the Mona Passage, the strait between Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, with the others being Monito Island and Desecheo Island.Vagrancy (biology)Vagrancy (biology)Vagrancy is a phenomenon in biology whereby an individual animal (usually a bird) appears well outside its normal range; such an animal is a vagrant. The term accidental is sometimes also used. There are a number of poorly understood factors which might cause an animal to become a vagrant, including internal causes such as navigation errors (endogenous vagrancy) and external causes such as severe weather (exogenous vagrancy).EndemismEndemismEndemism is the state of a species being found only in a singular defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird (Promerops cafer) is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be endemic to that particular part of the world.

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