Western Roman EmpireWestern half of the Roman Empire (395–476)^ Whilst the deposition of Emperor Romulus Augustulus in 476 is the most commonly cited end date for the Western Roman Empire, the last Western Roman emperor Julius Nepos, was assassinated in 480, when the title and notion of a separate Western Empire were abolished.
Roman Empire27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization
Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, it endured until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. The term 'Byzantine Empire' was coined only after its demise; its citizens used the term 'Roman Empire' and called themselves 'Romans'.
AugustusRoman emperor from 27 BC to AD 14DynastyJulio-ClaudianFatherGaius OctaviusJulius Caesar (adoptive)MotherAtiaOccupationConsul (43, 33, 31–23, 5, 2 BC)Triumvir (43–27 BC)Pontifex Maximus (from 12 BC)Military serviceAllegianceRoman RepublicRoman EmpireYears of service43–25 BCBattles/warsWar of MutinaBattle of Forum GallorumBattle of MutinaLiberators' Civil WarBattle of PhilippiPerusine WarBellum SiculumBattle of TauromeniumIllyricum CampaignsWar of ActiumBattle of ActiumBattle of AlexandriaCantabrian WarsAugustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (Latin: Octavianus), was the founder of the Roman Empire and the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.
ConstantinopleConstantinople, was the capital of the Roman and Byzantine Empire from 330 until its takeover by the Ottoman Empire in 1453. After this, it was changed to Istanbul.
Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire, also known historically as Turkey or the Turkish Empire, was a state that spanned much of Southeastern Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th century to the early 20th century, centred in modern-day Turkey. It also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Constantine the GreatConstantine I (27 February 272 – 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. He played a pivotal role in elevating the status of Christianity in the Roman Empire, the Edict of Milan decriminalising Christian practice and ceasing Christian persecution. This was a turning point in the Christianisation of the Roman Empire.
Theodosius IRoman emperor from 379 to 395DynastyTheodosianFatherTheodosius the ElderMotherThermantiaReligionNicene ChristianityTheodosius I (Ancient Greek: ΘεοδόσιοςTheodósios; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also known as Theodosius the Great, was Roman emperor from 379 to 395. He won two civil wars and was instrumental in establishing the Nicene Creed as the orthodox doctrine for Nicene Christianity. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule the entire Roman Empire.
ByzantiumByzantium () or Byzantion (Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Greekcity in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul in modern times. The Greek name Byzantion and its LatinizationByzantium continued to be used as a name of Constantinople sporadically and to varying degrees during the thousand-year existence of the Eastern Roman Empire, which also became known by the former name of the city as the Byzantine Empire.List of Byzantine usurpersThe following is a list of usurpers in the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantine Empire, from the start of the reign of Arcadius in 395 to the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
Fall of ConstantinopleBelligerentsOttoman EmpireSerbian DespotateByzantine EmpireRepublic of GenoaRepublic of VenicePapal StatesCrown of AragonKingdom of SicilyKingdom of FranceVarangian GuardOrhan Çelebi loyalistsCommanders and leadersMehmed IIHalil PashaZagan PashaSuleiman Baltoghlu (WIA)Karaca PashaHamza BeyMahmud PashaUlubatlı Hasan†Hadım ŞehabeddinConstantine XI†Loukas NotarasTheophilos Palaiologos†Demetrios KantakouzenosAndronikos KantakouzenosGiovanni Giustiniani (DOW)Gabriele Trevisano(POW)Alviso Diedo (WIA)Gabriele Orsini del Balzo†Cardinal Isidore(POW)Johannes Grant†Orhan ÇelebiStrengthLand forces: 100,000 soldiers in total, including:75,000 regulars20,000 irregulars5,000 JanissariesNaval forces:31 galleys95 large row boatsUnknown but large amount of Non-combatantsLand forces: Less than 8,000 soldiers in total, including:5,000 Byzantine soldiers2,000 Western soldiers600 Orhan Çelebi loyalists200 Catalan retinue200 Cretan archersNaval forces:26 ships10 Byzantine8 Venetian5 Genoese1 Catalan1 Anconitan1 ProvençalCasualties and losses Heavy Heavy 4,000 Byzantine civilians killed550+ Venetian civilians killed30,000 enslaved or soldConstantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, was captured by the Ottoman Empire on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a 53-day siege which had begun on 6 April.
ChristiansA Christian ( ) is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the world. The words Christ and Christian derive from the Koine Greek title Christós (Χριστός), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach (מָשִׁיחַ) (usually rendered as messiah in English).*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.