List of Roman and Byzantine empressesLivia (r. 27 BC – AD 14), as wife of Augustus, was the first and longest-reigning empress.The term Roman empress usually refers to the consorts of the Roman emperors, the rulers of the Roman Empire. The duties, power and influence of empresses varied depending on the time period, contemporary politics and the personalities of their husband and themselves. Empresses were typically highly regarded and respected, and many wielded great influence over imperial affairs.
Augustus (title)Augustus (plural Augusti; , Classical Latin:; "majestic", "great", or "venerable") was the main title of the Roman emperors during antiquity. It was given as both a name and a title to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (often referred to simply as Augustus) in 27 BC, marking his accession as Rome's first emperor. On his death, it became an official title of his successor, and was so used by all emperors thereafter.
Julia DomnaDynastyEmesan (by birth)Severan (by marriage)FatherJulius BassianusJulia Domna (Latin:; c. 160 – 217 AD) was Roman empress from 193 to 211 as the wife of Emperor Septimius Severus. She was the first empress of the Severan dynasty. Domna was born in Emesa (present-day Homs) in Roman Syria to an Arab family of priests of the deity Elagabalus. In 187, she married Severus, then-governor of the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis. They had two sons, Caracalla and Geta.
ClaudiusRoman emperor from AD 41 to 54DynastyJulio-ClaudianFatherNero Claudius DrususMotherAntonia the YoungerTiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; Classical Latin:; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54), or simply Claudius, was a Roman emperor, ruling from AD 41 until his death in AD 54.
Roman Empire27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization
Septimius SeverusRoman emperor from 193 to 211DynastySeveranFatherPublius Septimius GetaMotherFulvia PiaLucius Septimius Severus (; Latin:; 11 April 145 – 4 February 211) was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna, Libya, in the Roman province of Africa. He was of mixed Roman and Punic/Phoenician descent. As a young man, he advanced through the customary succession of offices under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus.
Agrippina the YoungerJulia Agrippina (6 November AD 15 – 23 March AD 59), also referred to as Agrippina the Younger, was Roman empress from AD 49 to 54, the fourth wife and niece of emperor Claudius, and the mother of Nero. Agrippina was one of the most prominent women in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. She was the great-granddaughter of Augustus (the first Roman emperor) and the daughter of the Roman general Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder.
HonorificAn honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. Honorifics can be used as prefixes or suffixes depending on the appropriate occasion and presentation in accordance with style and customs.
Greek languageIndo-European languageGreek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, romanized: elliniká; Ancient Greek: ἑλληνική, romanized: hellēnikḗ) is an Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family.
Royal courtA royal court, often called simply a court when the royal context is clear, is an extended royal household in a monarchy, including all those who would regularly attend on a monarch, or another central figure. Hence, the word court may also be applied to the of a senior member of the nobility. Royal courts may have their seat in a designated place, several specific places, or be a mobile, itinerant court.
Classical LatinClassical Latin is the form of Latin recognized as a literarystandard by writers of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. It developed around 75 BC from Old Latin, and developed by the 3rd century AD into Late Latin. In some later periods, the former was regarded as good or proper Latin, while the latter was seen as debased, degenerate, or corrupted.
Julia SoaemiasDynastySeveranFatherGaius Julius Avitus AlexianusMotherJulia MaesaJulia Soaemias Bassiana (180 – 11 March 222) was a Syrian noblewoman and the mother of Roman emperorElagabalus, who ruled over the Roman Empire from 218 to 222. She was one of his chief advisors, initially with the support and accompaniment of her mother Julia Maesa.
Severan dynastyThe Severan dynasty, sometimes called the Septimian dynasty, ruled the Roman Empire between 193 and 235. It was founded by the emperor Septimius Severus (r. 193–211) and Julia Domna, his wife, when Septimius emerged victorious from civil war of 193–197, which began with the Year of the Five Emperors. Their two sons, Caracalla (r. 192–217) and Geta (r. 211), ruled briefly after the death of Septimius.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.